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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD)
Definitions
Degenerative process resulting from plasma lipid deposition in arterial walls
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Baradaran H et al: Carotid vessel wall imaging on CTA. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 41(3):380-6, 2020
Yuan J et al: Imaging carotid atherosclerosis plaque ulceration: comparison of advanced imaging modalities and recent developments. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 38(4):664-71, 2017
Eisenmenger LB et al: Prediction of carotid intraplaque hemorrhage using adventitial calcification and plaque thickness on CTA. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 37(8):1496-503, 2016
de Rotte AA et al: Plaque components in symptomatic moderately stenosed carotid arteries related to cerebral infarcts: The Plaque At RISK Study. Stroke. 46(2):568-71, 2015
Gupta A et al: CT angiographic features of symptom-producing plaque in moderate-grade carotid artery stenosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(2):349-54, 2015
Gupta A et al: Plaque echolucency and stroke risk in asymptomatic carotid stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke. 46(1):91-7, 2015
Howard DP et al: Symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic disease: correlations between plaque composition and ipsilateral stroke risk. Stroke. 46(1):182-9, 2015
McNally JS et al: Intraluminal thrombus, intraplaque hemorrhage, plaque thickness, and current smoking optimally predict carotid stroke. Stroke. 46(1):84-90, 2015
Narumi S et al: Carotid plaque characterization using 3D t1-weighted MR imaging with histopathologic validation: a comparison with 2D Technique. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(4):751-6, 2015
Skagen K et al: Carotid plaque inflammation assessed with 18 F-FDG PET/CT is higher in symptomatic compared with asymptomatic patients. Int J Stroke. 10(5):730-6, 2015
Sun K et al: Evaluation of high-pitch dual-source CT angiography for evaluation of coronary and carotid-cerebrovascular arteries. Eur J Radiol. 84(3):398-406, 2015
Kaproth-Joslin KA et al: The essentials of extracranial carotid ultrasonographic imaging. Radiol Clin North Am. 52(6):1325-42, 2014
Lv P et al: Detection of carotid artery stenosis: a comparison between 2 unenhanced MRAs and dual-source CTA. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 35(12):2360-5, 2014
Michel JB et al: Pathology of human plaque vulnerability: mechanisms and consequences of intraplaque haemorrhages. Atherosclerosis. 234(2):311-9, 2014
Gupta A et al: Carotid plaque MRI and stroke risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke. 44(11):3071-7, 2013
Arora S et al: Optimal carotid artery coverage for carotid plaque CT-imaging in predicting ischemic stroke. J Neuroradiol. 37(2):98-103, 2010
Babiarz LS et al: Contrast-enhanced MR angiography is not more accurate than unenhanced 2D time-of-flight MR angiography for determining > or = 70% internal carotid artery stenosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(4):761-8, 2009
Ota H et al: Hemorrhage and large lipid-rich necrotic cores are independently associated with thin or ruptured fibrous caps. An in vivo 3T MRI study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 29(10):1696-701, 2009
Saba L et al: CT and ultrasound in the study of ulcerated carotid plaque compared with surgical results: potentialities and advantages of multidetector row CT angiography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 28(6):1061-6, 2007
Chen CJ et al: Multi-slice CT angiography in diagnosing total versus near occlusions of the internal carotid artery: comparison with catheter angiography. Stroke. 35(1):83-5, 2004
Nederkoorn PJ et al: Duplex ultrasound and magnetic resonance angiography compared with digital subtraction angiography in carotid artery stenosis: a systematic review. Stroke. 34(5):1324-32, 2003
Binaghi S et al: Three-dimensional computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography of carotid bifurcation stenosis. Eur Neurol. 46(1):25-34, 2001
Moll R et al: Value of the CT angiography in the diagnosis of common carotid artery bifurcation disease: CT angiography versus digital subtraction angiography and color flow Doppler. Eur J Radiol. 39(3):155-62, 2001
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD)
Definitions
Degenerative process resulting from plasma lipid deposition in arterial walls
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Baradaran H et al: Carotid vessel wall imaging on CTA. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 41(3):380-6, 2020
Yuan J et al: Imaging carotid atherosclerosis plaque ulceration: comparison of advanced imaging modalities and recent developments. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 38(4):664-71, 2017
Eisenmenger LB et al: Prediction of carotid intraplaque hemorrhage using adventitial calcification and plaque thickness on CTA. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 37(8):1496-503, 2016
de Rotte AA et al: Plaque components in symptomatic moderately stenosed carotid arteries related to cerebral infarcts: The Plaque At RISK Study. Stroke. 46(2):568-71, 2015
Gupta A et al: CT angiographic features of symptom-producing plaque in moderate-grade carotid artery stenosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(2):349-54, 2015
Gupta A et al: Plaque echolucency and stroke risk in asymptomatic carotid stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke. 46(1):91-7, 2015
Howard DP et al: Symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic disease: correlations between plaque composition and ipsilateral stroke risk. Stroke. 46(1):182-9, 2015
McNally JS et al: Intraluminal thrombus, intraplaque hemorrhage, plaque thickness, and current smoking optimally predict carotid stroke. Stroke. 46(1):84-90, 2015
Narumi S et al: Carotid plaque characterization using 3D t1-weighted MR imaging with histopathologic validation: a comparison with 2D Technique. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(4):751-6, 2015
Skagen K et al: Carotid plaque inflammation assessed with 18 F-FDG PET/CT is higher in symptomatic compared with asymptomatic patients. Int J Stroke. 10(5):730-6, 2015
Sun K et al: Evaluation of high-pitch dual-source CT angiography for evaluation of coronary and carotid-cerebrovascular arteries. Eur J Radiol. 84(3):398-406, 2015
Kaproth-Joslin KA et al: The essentials of extracranial carotid ultrasonographic imaging. Radiol Clin North Am. 52(6):1325-42, 2014
Lv P et al: Detection of carotid artery stenosis: a comparison between 2 unenhanced MRAs and dual-source CTA. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 35(12):2360-5, 2014
Michel JB et al: Pathology of human plaque vulnerability: mechanisms and consequences of intraplaque haemorrhages. Atherosclerosis. 234(2):311-9, 2014
Gupta A et al: Carotid plaque MRI and stroke risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke. 44(11):3071-7, 2013
Arora S et al: Optimal carotid artery coverage for carotid plaque CT-imaging in predicting ischemic stroke. J Neuroradiol. 37(2):98-103, 2010
Babiarz LS et al: Contrast-enhanced MR angiography is not more accurate than unenhanced 2D time-of-flight MR angiography for determining > or = 70% internal carotid artery stenosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(4):761-8, 2009
Ota H et al: Hemorrhage and large lipid-rich necrotic cores are independently associated with thin or ruptured fibrous caps. An in vivo 3T MRI study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 29(10):1696-701, 2009
Saba L et al: CT and ultrasound in the study of ulcerated carotid plaque compared with surgical results: potentialities and advantages of multidetector row CT angiography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 28(6):1061-6, 2007
Chen CJ et al: Multi-slice CT angiography in diagnosing total versus near occlusions of the internal carotid artery: comparison with catheter angiography. Stroke. 35(1):83-5, 2004
Nederkoorn PJ et al: Duplex ultrasound and magnetic resonance angiography compared with digital subtraction angiography in carotid artery stenosis: a systematic review. Stroke. 34(5):1324-32, 2003
Binaghi S et al: Three-dimensional computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography of carotid bifurcation stenosis. Eur Neurol. 46(1):25-34, 2001
Moll R et al: Value of the CT angiography in the diagnosis of common carotid artery bifurcation disease: CT angiography versus digital subtraction angiography and color flow Doppler. Eur J Radiol. 39(3):155-62, 2001
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