Epidural ± paravertebral proliferation of hematopoietic tissue in response to profound chronic anemia
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Fareed S et al: Spinal cord compression secondary to extramedullary hematopoiesis: a rareness in a young adult with thalassemia major. Acta Biomed. 88(2):237-42, 2017
Hisamud-Din N et al: Incomplete paraplegia caused by extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient with thalassemia intermedia. Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 3:17020, 2017
Soman S et al: A case report of extramedullary haematopoeisis in lumbosacral region presenting as cauda equina syndrome. Int J Spine Surg. 10:25, 2016
Ruo Redda MG et al: Complete recovery from paraparesis in spinal cord compression due to extramedullary haemopoiesis in beta-thalassaemia by emergency radiation therapy. Intern Med J. 44(4):409-12, 2014
Ghieda U et al: Progressive spinal cord compression due to epidural extramedullary hematopoiesis in thalassemia intermedia. A case report and literature review. Neuroradiol J. 26(1):111-7, 2013
Hassanzadeh M: Images in clinical medicine. Extramedullary hematopoiesis in thalassemia. N Engl J Med. 369(13):1252, 2013
Haidar R et al: Paraspinal extramedullary hematopoiesis in patients with thalassemia intermedia. Eur Spine J. 19(6):871-8, 2010
Varlet G et al: [Beta-thalassemia intermedia complicated by spinal cord compression. Report of three cases and meta-analysis.] Neurochirurgie. 56(4):315-23, 2010
Singh S et al: Paraspinal extramedullary hematopoiesis diagnosed using Tc-99m sulfur colloid. Clin Nucl Med. 33(11):794-6, 2008
Salehi SA et al: Spinal cord compression in beta-thalassemia: case report and review of the literature. Spinal Cord. 42(2):117-23, 2004
Chehal A et al: Hypertransfusion: a successful method of treatment in thalassemia intermedia patients with spinal cord compression secondary to extramedullary hematopoiesis. Spine. 28(13):E245-9, 2003
Koch CA et al: Nonhepatosplenic extramedullary hematopoiesis: associated diseases, pathology, clinical course, and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 78(10):1223-33, 2003
Cario H et al: Treatment with hydroxyurea in thalassemia intermedia with paravertebral pseudotumors of extramedullary hematopoiesis. Ann Hematol. 81(8):478-82, 2002
Chourmouzi D et al: MRI findings of extramedullary haemopoiesis. Eur Radiol. 11(9):1803-6, 2001
Aydingoz U et al: Spinal cord compression due to epidural extramedullary haematopoiesis in thalassaemia: MRI. Neuroradiology. 39(12):870-2, 1997
Dibbern DA Jr et al: MR of thoracic cord compression caused by epidural extramedullary hematopoiesis in myelodysplastic syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 18(2):363-6, 1997
Guermazi A et al: Imaging of spinal cord compression due to thoracic extramedullary haematopoiesis in myelofibrosis. Neuroradiology. 39(10):733-6, 1997
Kalina P et al: Cord compression by extramedullary hematopoiesis in polycythemia vera. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 164(4):1027-8, 1995
Papavasiliou C: Clinical expressions of the expansion of the bone marrow in the chronic anemias: the role of radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 28(3):605-12, 1994
Kalina P et al: MR of extramedullary hematopoiesis causing cord compression in beta-thalassemia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 13(5):1407-9, 1992
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH)
Definitions
Epidural ± paravertebral proliferation of hematopoietic tissue in response to profound chronic anemia
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Fareed S et al: Spinal cord compression secondary to extramedullary hematopoiesis: a rareness in a young adult with thalassemia major. Acta Biomed. 88(2):237-42, 2017
Hisamud-Din N et al: Incomplete paraplegia caused by extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient with thalassemia intermedia. Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 3:17020, 2017
Soman S et al: A case report of extramedullary haematopoeisis in lumbosacral region presenting as cauda equina syndrome. Int J Spine Surg. 10:25, 2016
Ruo Redda MG et al: Complete recovery from paraparesis in spinal cord compression due to extramedullary haemopoiesis in beta-thalassaemia by emergency radiation therapy. Intern Med J. 44(4):409-12, 2014
Ghieda U et al: Progressive spinal cord compression due to epidural extramedullary hematopoiesis in thalassemia intermedia. A case report and literature review. Neuroradiol J. 26(1):111-7, 2013
Hassanzadeh M: Images in clinical medicine. Extramedullary hematopoiesis in thalassemia. N Engl J Med. 369(13):1252, 2013
Haidar R et al: Paraspinal extramedullary hematopoiesis in patients with thalassemia intermedia. Eur Spine J. 19(6):871-8, 2010
Varlet G et al: [Beta-thalassemia intermedia complicated by spinal cord compression. Report of three cases and meta-analysis.] Neurochirurgie. 56(4):315-23, 2010
Singh S et al: Paraspinal extramedullary hematopoiesis diagnosed using Tc-99m sulfur colloid. Clin Nucl Med. 33(11):794-6, 2008
Salehi SA et al: Spinal cord compression in beta-thalassemia: case report and review of the literature. Spinal Cord. 42(2):117-23, 2004
Chehal A et al: Hypertransfusion: a successful method of treatment in thalassemia intermedia patients with spinal cord compression secondary to extramedullary hematopoiesis. Spine. 28(13):E245-9, 2003
Koch CA et al: Nonhepatosplenic extramedullary hematopoiesis: associated diseases, pathology, clinical course, and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 78(10):1223-33, 2003
Cario H et al: Treatment with hydroxyurea in thalassemia intermedia with paravertebral pseudotumors of extramedullary hematopoiesis. Ann Hematol. 81(8):478-82, 2002
Chourmouzi D et al: MRI findings of extramedullary haemopoiesis. Eur Radiol. 11(9):1803-6, 2001
Aydingoz U et al: Spinal cord compression due to epidural extramedullary haematopoiesis in thalassaemia: MRI. Neuroradiology. 39(12):870-2, 1997
Dibbern DA Jr et al: MR of thoracic cord compression caused by epidural extramedullary hematopoiesis in myelodysplastic syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 18(2):363-6, 1997
Guermazi A et al: Imaging of spinal cord compression due to thoracic extramedullary haematopoiesis in myelofibrosis. Neuroradiology. 39(10):733-6, 1997
Kalina P et al: Cord compression by extramedullary hematopoiesis in polycythemia vera. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 164(4):1027-8, 1995
Papavasiliou C: Clinical expressions of the expansion of the bone marrow in the chronic anemias: the role of radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 28(3):605-12, 1994
Kalina P et al: MR of extramedullary hematopoiesis causing cord compression in beta-thalassemia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 13(5):1407-9, 1992
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