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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH)
Definitions
- Epidural ± paravertebral proliferation of hematopoietic tissue in response to profound chronic anemia
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Fareed S et al: Spinal cord compression secondary to extramedullary hematopoiesis: a rareness in a young adult with thalassemia major. Acta Biomed. 88(2):237-42, 2017
- Hisamud-Din N et al: Incomplete paraplegia caused by extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient with thalassemia intermedia. Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 3:17020, 2017
- Soman S et al: A case report of extramedullary haematopoeisis in lumbosacral region presenting as cauda equina syndrome. Int J Spine Surg. 10:25, 2016
- Ruo Redda MG et al: Complete recovery from paraparesis in spinal cord compression due to extramedullary haemopoiesis in beta-thalassaemia by emergency radiation therapy. Intern Med J. 44(4):409-12, 2014
- Ghieda U et al: Progressive spinal cord compression due to epidural extramedullary hematopoiesis in thalassemia intermedia. A case report and literature review. Neuroradiol J. 26(1):111-7, 2013
- Hassanzadeh M: Images in clinical medicine. Extramedullary hematopoiesis in thalassemia. N Engl J Med. 369(13):1252, 2013
- Haidar R et al: Paraspinal extramedullary hematopoiesis in patients with thalassemia intermedia. Eur Spine J. 19(6):871-8, 2010
- Varlet G et al: [Beta-thalassemia intermedia complicated by spinal cord compression. Report of three cases and meta-analysis.] Neurochirurgie. 56(4):315-23, 2010
- Singh S et al: Paraspinal extramedullary hematopoiesis diagnosed using Tc-99m sulfur colloid. Clin Nucl Med. 33(11):794-6, 2008
- Salehi SA et al: Spinal cord compression in beta-thalassemia: case report and review of the literature. Spinal Cord. 42(2):117-23, 2004
- Chehal A et al: Hypertransfusion: a successful method of treatment in thalassemia intermedia patients with spinal cord compression secondary to extramedullary hematopoiesis. Spine. 28(13):E245-9, 2003
- Koch CA et al: Nonhepatosplenic extramedullary hematopoiesis: associated diseases, pathology, clinical course, and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 78(10):1223-33, 2003
- Cario H et al: Treatment with hydroxyurea in thalassemia intermedia with paravertebral pseudotumors of extramedullary hematopoiesis. Ann Hematol. 81(8):478-82, 2002
- Chourmouzi D et al: MRI findings of extramedullary haemopoiesis. Eur Radiol. 11(9):1803-6, 2001
- Aydingoz U et al: Spinal cord compression due to epidural extramedullary haematopoiesis in thalassaemia: MRI. Neuroradiology. 39(12):870-2, 1997
- Dibbern DA Jr et al: MR of thoracic cord compression caused by epidural extramedullary hematopoiesis in myelodysplastic syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 18(2):363-6, 1997
- Guermazi A et al: Imaging of spinal cord compression due to thoracic extramedullary haematopoiesis in myelofibrosis. Neuroradiology. 39(10):733-6, 1997
- Kalina P et al: Cord compression by extramedullary hematopoiesis in polycythemia vera. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 164(4):1027-8, 1995
- Papavasiliou C: Clinical expressions of the expansion of the bone marrow in the chronic anemias: the role of radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 28(3):605-12, 1994
- Kalina P et al: MR of extramedullary hematopoiesis causing cord compression in beta-thalassemia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 13(5):1407-9, 1992
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH)
Definitions
- Epidural ± paravertebral proliferation of hematopoietic tissue in response to profound chronic anemia
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Fareed S et al: Spinal cord compression secondary to extramedullary hematopoiesis: a rareness in a young adult with thalassemia major. Acta Biomed. 88(2):237-42, 2017
- Hisamud-Din N et al: Incomplete paraplegia caused by extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient with thalassemia intermedia. Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 3:17020, 2017
- Soman S et al: A case report of extramedullary haematopoeisis in lumbosacral region presenting as cauda equina syndrome. Int J Spine Surg. 10:25, 2016
- Ruo Redda MG et al: Complete recovery from paraparesis in spinal cord compression due to extramedullary haemopoiesis in beta-thalassaemia by emergency radiation therapy. Intern Med J. 44(4):409-12, 2014
- Ghieda U et al: Progressive spinal cord compression due to epidural extramedullary hematopoiesis in thalassemia intermedia. A case report and literature review. Neuroradiol J. 26(1):111-7, 2013
- Hassanzadeh M: Images in clinical medicine. Extramedullary hematopoiesis in thalassemia. N Engl J Med. 369(13):1252, 2013
- Haidar R et al: Paraspinal extramedullary hematopoiesis in patients with thalassemia intermedia. Eur Spine J. 19(6):871-8, 2010
- Varlet G et al: [Beta-thalassemia intermedia complicated by spinal cord compression. Report of three cases and meta-analysis.] Neurochirurgie. 56(4):315-23, 2010
- Singh S et al: Paraspinal extramedullary hematopoiesis diagnosed using Tc-99m sulfur colloid. Clin Nucl Med. 33(11):794-6, 2008
- Salehi SA et al: Spinal cord compression in beta-thalassemia: case report and review of the literature. Spinal Cord. 42(2):117-23, 2004
- Chehal A et al: Hypertransfusion: a successful method of treatment in thalassemia intermedia patients with spinal cord compression secondary to extramedullary hematopoiesis. Spine. 28(13):E245-9, 2003
- Koch CA et al: Nonhepatosplenic extramedullary hematopoiesis: associated diseases, pathology, clinical course, and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 78(10):1223-33, 2003
- Cario H et al: Treatment with hydroxyurea in thalassemia intermedia with paravertebral pseudotumors of extramedullary hematopoiesis. Ann Hematol. 81(8):478-82, 2002
- Chourmouzi D et al: MRI findings of extramedullary haemopoiesis. Eur Radiol. 11(9):1803-6, 2001
- Aydingoz U et al: Spinal cord compression due to epidural extramedullary haematopoiesis in thalassaemia: MRI. Neuroradiology. 39(12):870-2, 1997
- Dibbern DA Jr et al: MR of thoracic cord compression caused by epidural extramedullary hematopoiesis in myelodysplastic syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 18(2):363-6, 1997
- Guermazi A et al: Imaging of spinal cord compression due to thoracic extramedullary haematopoiesis in myelofibrosis. Neuroradiology. 39(10):733-6, 1997
- Kalina P et al: Cord compression by extramedullary hematopoiesis in polycythemia vera. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 164(4):1027-8, 1995
- Papavasiliou C: Clinical expressions of the expansion of the bone marrow in the chronic anemias: the role of radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 28(3):605-12, 1994
- Kalina P et al: MR of extramedullary hematopoiesis causing cord compression in beta-thalassemia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 13(5):1407-9, 1992
