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Spine
Diagnosis
Degenerative Diseases and Arthritides
Degenerative Diseases
Facet Joint Synovial Cyst
Facet Joint Synovial Cyst
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          • Clinical Issues

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Synonyms

              • Juxtaarticular cyst
              • Facet joint ganglion cyst

            • Definitions

              • Synovial cyst formed from degenerative facet joint

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • Radiographic Findings

                • CT Findings

                  • MR Findings

                    • Nonvascular Interventions

                      • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                        • Other Modality Findings

                          • Imaging Recommendations

                            DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                              PATHOLOGY

                              • General Features

                                • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                  • Microscopic Features

                                    CLINICAL ISSUES

                                    • Presentation

                                      • Demographics

                                        • Natural History & Prognosis

                                          • Treatment

                                            DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                            • Consider

                                              • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                Selected References

                                                1. Ramhmdani S et al: Synovial cyst as a marker for lumbar instability: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 122:e1059-68, 2019
                                                2. Kwan BYM et al: Retrospective review of percutaneous synovial cyst ruptures: increased thickness of the T2 hypointense rim on post-rupture MRI may be associated with need for subsequent surgery. J Neurointerv Surg. 9(8):0, 2017
                                                3. Knafo S et al: Surgical management of spinal synovial cysts: a series of 23 patients and systematic analysis of the literature. J Spinal Disord Tech. 28(6):211-7, 2015
                                                4. Lyons MK et al: Subaxial cervical synovial cysts: report of 35 histologically confirmed surgically treated cases and review of the literature. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 36(20):E1285-9, 2011
                                                5. Khalatbari K et al: MRI of degenerative cysts of the lumbar spine. Clin Radiol. 63(3):322-8, 2008
                                                6. Khan AM et al: Spinal lumbar synovial cysts. Diagnosis and management challenge. Eur Spine J. 15(8):1176-82, 2006
                                                7. Sehati N et al: Treatment of lumbar synovial cysts using minimally invasive surgical techniques. Neurosurg Focus. 20(3):E2, 2006
                                                8. Houten JK et al: Spontaneous regression of symptomatic lumbar synovial cysts. Report of three cases. J Neurosurg. 99(2 Suppl):235-8, 2003
                                                9. Swartz PG et al: Spontaneous resolution of an intraspinal synovial cyst. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(6):1261-3, 2003
                                                10. Gadgil AA et al: Bilateral symptomatic synovial cysts of the lumbar spine caused by calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease: a case report. Spine. 27(19):E428-31, 2002
                                                11. Metellus P et al: An unusual presentation of a lumbar synovial cyst: case report. Spine. 27(11):E278-80, 2002
                                                12. Phuong LK et al: Far lateral extraforaminal lumbar synovial cyst: report of two cases. Neurosurgery. 51(2):505-7; discussion 507-8, 2002
                                                13. Banning CS et al: Patient outcome after resection of lumbar juxtafacet cysts. Spine. 26(8):969-72, 2001
                                                14. Bureau NJ et al: Lumbar facet joint synovial cyst: percutaneous treatment with steroid injections and distention--clinical and imaging follow-up in 12 patients. Radiology. 221(1):179-85, 2001
                                                15. Gishen P et al: Percutaneous excision of a facet joint cyst under CT guidance. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 24(5):351-53, 2001
                                                16. Tillich M et al: Symptomatic intraspinal synovial cysts of the lumbar spine: correlation of MR and surgical findings. Neuroradiology. 43(12):1070-5, 2001
                                                17. Trummer M et al: Diagnosis and surgical management of intraspinal synovial cysts: report of 19 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 70(1):74-7, 2001
                                                18. Apostolaki E et al: MR imaging of lumbar facet joint synovial cysts. Eur Radiol. 10(4):615-23, 2000
                                                19. Bandiera S et al: Hemorrhagic synovial lumbar cyst: a case report and review of the literature. Chir Organi Mov. 84(2):197-203, 1999
                                                20. Howington JU et al: Intraspinal synovial cysts: 10-year experience at the Ochsner Clinic. J Neurosurg. 91(2 Suppl):193-9, 1999
                                                21. Jonsson B et al: Lumbar nerve root compression by intraspinal synovial cysts. Report of 8 cases. Acta Orthop Scand. 70(2):203-6, 1999
                                                22. Parlier-Cuau C et al: Symptomatic lumbar facet joint synovial cysts: clinical assessment of facet joint steroid injection after 1 and 6 months and long-term follow-up in 30 patients. Radiology. 210(2):509-13, 1999
                                                23. Liu SS et al: Synovial cysts of the lumbosacral spine: diagnosis by MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 154(1):163-6, 1990
                                                24. Sampson MA et al: Acute extradural compression due to an intraspinal synovial cyst: CT and myelogram appearances. Clin Radiol. 41(6):433-4, 1990
                                                25. Jackson DE Jr et al: Intraspinal synovial cysts: MR imaging. Radiology. 170(2):527-30, 1989
                                                26. Onofrio BM et al: Synovial cysts of the spine. Neurosurgery. 22(4):642-7, 1988
                                                27. Wang AM et al: Synovial cysts of the lumbar spine: CT evaluation. Comput Radiol. 11(5-6):253-7, 1987
                                                Related Anatomy
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                                                Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                                References
                                                Tables

                                                Tables

                                                KEY FACTS

                                                • Terminology

                                                  • Imaging

                                                    • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                      • Pathology

                                                        • Clinical Issues

                                                          TERMINOLOGY

                                                          • Synonyms

                                                            • Juxtaarticular cyst
                                                            • Facet joint ganglion cyst

                                                          • Definitions

                                                            • Synovial cyst formed from degenerative facet joint

                                                          IMAGING

                                                          • General Features

                                                            • Radiographic Findings

                                                              • CT Findings

                                                                • MR Findings

                                                                  • Nonvascular Interventions

                                                                    • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                                                                      • Other Modality Findings

                                                                        • Imaging Recommendations

                                                                          DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                            PATHOLOGY

                                                                            • General Features

                                                                              • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                                • Microscopic Features

                                                                                  CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                                  • Presentation

                                                                                    • Demographics

                                                                                      • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                                        • Treatment

                                                                                          DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                                          • Consider

                                                                                            • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                                              Selected References

                                                                                              1. Ramhmdani S et al: Synovial cyst as a marker for lumbar instability: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 122:e1059-68, 2019
                                                                                              2. Kwan BYM et al: Retrospective review of percutaneous synovial cyst ruptures: increased thickness of the T2 hypointense rim on post-rupture MRI may be associated with need for subsequent surgery. J Neurointerv Surg. 9(8):0, 2017
                                                                                              3. Knafo S et al: Surgical management of spinal synovial cysts: a series of 23 patients and systematic analysis of the literature. J Spinal Disord Tech. 28(6):211-7, 2015
                                                                                              4. Lyons MK et al: Subaxial cervical synovial cysts: report of 35 histologically confirmed surgically treated cases and review of the literature. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 36(20):E1285-9, 2011
                                                                                              5. Khalatbari K et al: MRI of degenerative cysts of the lumbar spine. Clin Radiol. 63(3):322-8, 2008
                                                                                              6. Khan AM et al: Spinal lumbar synovial cysts. Diagnosis and management challenge. Eur Spine J. 15(8):1176-82, 2006
                                                                                              7. Sehati N et al: Treatment of lumbar synovial cysts using minimally invasive surgical techniques. Neurosurg Focus. 20(3):E2, 2006
                                                                                              8. Houten JK et al: Spontaneous regression of symptomatic lumbar synovial cysts. Report of three cases. J Neurosurg. 99(2 Suppl):235-8, 2003
                                                                                              9. Swartz PG et al: Spontaneous resolution of an intraspinal synovial cyst. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(6):1261-3, 2003
                                                                                              10. Gadgil AA et al: Bilateral symptomatic synovial cysts of the lumbar spine caused by calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease: a case report. Spine. 27(19):E428-31, 2002
                                                                                              11. Metellus P et al: An unusual presentation of a lumbar synovial cyst: case report. Spine. 27(11):E278-80, 2002
                                                                                              12. Phuong LK et al: Far lateral extraforaminal lumbar synovial cyst: report of two cases. Neurosurgery. 51(2):505-7; discussion 507-8, 2002
                                                                                              13. Banning CS et al: Patient outcome after resection of lumbar juxtafacet cysts. Spine. 26(8):969-72, 2001
                                                                                              14. Bureau NJ et al: Lumbar facet joint synovial cyst: percutaneous treatment with steroid injections and distention--clinical and imaging follow-up in 12 patients. Radiology. 221(1):179-85, 2001
                                                                                              15. Gishen P et al: Percutaneous excision of a facet joint cyst under CT guidance. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 24(5):351-53, 2001
                                                                                              16. Tillich M et al: Symptomatic intraspinal synovial cysts of the lumbar spine: correlation of MR and surgical findings. Neuroradiology. 43(12):1070-5, 2001
                                                                                              17. Trummer M et al: Diagnosis and surgical management of intraspinal synovial cysts: report of 19 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 70(1):74-7, 2001
                                                                                              18. Apostolaki E et al: MR imaging of lumbar facet joint synovial cysts. Eur Radiol. 10(4):615-23, 2000
                                                                                              19. Bandiera S et al: Hemorrhagic synovial lumbar cyst: a case report and review of the literature. Chir Organi Mov. 84(2):197-203, 1999
                                                                                              20. Howington JU et al: Intraspinal synovial cysts: 10-year experience at the Ochsner Clinic. J Neurosurg. 91(2 Suppl):193-9, 1999
                                                                                              21. Jonsson B et al: Lumbar nerve root compression by intraspinal synovial cysts. Report of 8 cases. Acta Orthop Scand. 70(2):203-6, 1999
                                                                                              22. Parlier-Cuau C et al: Symptomatic lumbar facet joint synovial cysts: clinical assessment of facet joint steroid injection after 1 and 6 months and long-term follow-up in 30 patients. Radiology. 210(2):509-13, 1999
                                                                                              23. Liu SS et al: Synovial cysts of the lumbosacral spine: diagnosis by MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 154(1):163-6, 1990
                                                                                              24. Sampson MA et al: Acute extradural compression due to an intraspinal synovial cyst: CT and myelogram appearances. Clin Radiol. 41(6):433-4, 1990
                                                                                              25. Jackson DE Jr et al: Intraspinal synovial cysts: MR imaging. Radiology. 170(2):527-30, 1989
                                                                                              26. Onofrio BM et al: Synovial cysts of the spine. Neurosurgery. 22(4):642-7, 1988
                                                                                              27. Wang AM et al: Synovial cysts of the lumbar spine: CT evaluation. Comput Radiol. 11(5-6):253-7, 1987
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