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Spine
Diagnosis
Trauma
Vertebral Column, Discs, and Paraspinal Muscle
Facet-Lamina Thoracolumbar Fracture
Facet-Lamina Thoracolumbar Fracture
Kevin R. Moore, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Pathology

        TERMINOLOGY

        • Synonyms

          • Neural (vertebral) arch fracture
          • Posterior column fracture

        • Definitions

          • Posterior column of spine defined (by Denis) as structures dorsal to posterior longitudinal ligament
            • Superior and inferior articular facets, articular pillars, lamina and spinous processes
            • Facet joint capsules
            • Ligamentum flavum
            • Interspinous and supraspinous ligaments

        IMAGING

        • General Features

          • Radiographic Findings

            • CT Findings

              • MR Findings

                • Imaging Recommendations

                  PATHOLOGY

                  • General Features

                    Selected References

                    1. Min Y et al: The surgical treatment strategies for thoracolumbar spine fractures with ankylosing spondylitis: a case report. BMC Surg. 19(1):99, 2019
                    2. Smith JS et al: Treatment of adult thoracolumbar spinal deformity: past, present, and future. J Neurosurg Spine. 30(5):551-67, 2019
                    3. Su Q et al: 3D computed tomography mapping of thoracolumbar vertebrae fractures. Med Sci Monit. 25:2802-10, 2019
                    4. Zhao Q et al: Complications of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in treating thoracolumbar and lumbar fracture. Medicine (Baltimore). 97(29):e11560, 2018
                    5. Li S et al: Clinical outcome and surgical strategies for late post-traumatic kyphosis after failed thoracolumbar fracture operation: Case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 96(49):e8770, 2017
                    6. Westerveld LA et al: Clinical outcome after traumatic spinal fractures in patients with ankylosing spinal disorders compared with control patients. Spine J. 14(5):729-40, 2014
                    7. Schnake KJ et al: AOSpine classification systems (subaxial, thoracolumbar). J Orthop Trauma. 31 Suppl 4:S14-23, 2017
                    8. Bernstein MP et al: Chance-type fractures of the thoracolumbar spine: imaging analysis in 53 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 187(4):859-68, 2006
                    9. Vaccaro AR et al: A new classification of thoracolumbar injuries: the importance of injury morphology, the integrity of the posterior ligamentous complex, and neurologic status. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 30(20):2325-33, 2005
                    10. Haba H et al: Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for detecting posterior ligamentous complex injury associated with thoracic and lumbar fractures. J Neurosurg. 99(1 Suppl):20-6, 2003
                    11. Wintermark M et al: Thoracolumbar spine fractures in patients who have sustained severe trauma: depiction with multi-detector row CT. Radiology. 227(3):681-9, 2003
                    12. Mirza SK et al: Classifications of thoracic and lumbar fractures: rationale and supporting data. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 10(5):364-77, 2002
                    13. Trivedi JM: Spinal trauma: therapy--options and outcomes. Eur J Radiol. 42(2):127-34, 2002
                    14. Holmes JF et al: Epidemiology of thoracolumbar spine injury in blunt trauma. Acad Emerg Med. 8(9):866-72, 2001
                    15. Nabeshima Y et al: Extension injury of the thoracolumbar spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 22(13):1522-5; discussion 1525-6, 1997
                    16. Denis F: Spinal instability as defined by the three-column spine concept in acute spinal trauma. Clin Orthop. (189):65-76, 1984
                    17. Denis F: The three column spine and its significance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries. Spine. 8(8):817-31, 1983
                    Related Anatomy
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                    Related Differential Diagnoses
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                    References
                    Tables

                    Tables

                    KEY FACTS

                    • Terminology

                      • Imaging

                        • Pathology

                          TERMINOLOGY

                          • Synonyms

                            • Neural (vertebral) arch fracture
                            • Posterior column fracture

                          • Definitions

                            • Posterior column of spine defined (by Denis) as structures dorsal to posterior longitudinal ligament
                              • Superior and inferior articular facets, articular pillars, lamina and spinous processes
                              • Facet joint capsules
                              • Ligamentum flavum
                              • Interspinous and supraspinous ligaments

                          IMAGING

                          • General Features

                            • Radiographic Findings

                              • CT Findings

                                • MR Findings

                                  • Imaging Recommendations

                                    PATHOLOGY

                                    • General Features

                                      Selected References

                                      1. Min Y et al: The surgical treatment strategies for thoracolumbar spine fractures with ankylosing spondylitis: a case report. BMC Surg. 19(1):99, 2019
                                      2. Smith JS et al: Treatment of adult thoracolumbar spinal deformity: past, present, and future. J Neurosurg Spine. 30(5):551-67, 2019
                                      3. Su Q et al: 3D computed tomography mapping of thoracolumbar vertebrae fractures. Med Sci Monit. 25:2802-10, 2019
                                      4. Zhao Q et al: Complications of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in treating thoracolumbar and lumbar fracture. Medicine (Baltimore). 97(29):e11560, 2018
                                      5. Li S et al: Clinical outcome and surgical strategies for late post-traumatic kyphosis after failed thoracolumbar fracture operation: Case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 96(49):e8770, 2017
                                      6. Westerveld LA et al: Clinical outcome after traumatic spinal fractures in patients with ankylosing spinal disorders compared with control patients. Spine J. 14(5):729-40, 2014
                                      7. Schnake KJ et al: AOSpine classification systems (subaxial, thoracolumbar). J Orthop Trauma. 31 Suppl 4:S14-23, 2017
                                      8. Bernstein MP et al: Chance-type fractures of the thoracolumbar spine: imaging analysis in 53 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 187(4):859-68, 2006
                                      9. Vaccaro AR et al: A new classification of thoracolumbar injuries: the importance of injury morphology, the integrity of the posterior ligamentous complex, and neurologic status. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 30(20):2325-33, 2005
                                      10. Haba H et al: Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for detecting posterior ligamentous complex injury associated with thoracic and lumbar fractures. J Neurosurg. 99(1 Suppl):20-6, 2003
                                      11. Wintermark M et al: Thoracolumbar spine fractures in patients who have sustained severe trauma: depiction with multi-detector row CT. Radiology. 227(3):681-9, 2003
                                      12. Mirza SK et al: Classifications of thoracic and lumbar fractures: rationale and supporting data. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 10(5):364-77, 2002
                                      13. Trivedi JM: Spinal trauma: therapy--options and outcomes. Eur J Radiol. 42(2):127-34, 2002
                                      14. Holmes JF et al: Epidemiology of thoracolumbar spine injury in blunt trauma. Acad Emerg Med. 8(9):866-72, 2001
                                      15. Nabeshima Y et al: Extension injury of the thoracolumbar spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 22(13):1522-5; discussion 1525-6, 1997
                                      16. Denis F: Spinal instability as defined by the three-column spine concept in acute spinal trauma. Clin Orthop. (189):65-76, 1984
                                      17. Denis F: The three column spine and its significance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries. Spine. 8(8):817-31, 1983