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Pathology-Based Diagnoses
Stroke
Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction
Fat Emboli Cerebral Infarction
Fat Emboli Cerebral Infarction
Kalen Riley, MD, MBA; Karen L. Salzman, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          • Clinical Issues

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Definitions

              • Acute stroke related to fat emboli

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • CT Findings

                • MR Findings

                  • Imaging Recommendations

                    DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                      PATHOLOGY

                      • General Features

                        CLINICAL ISSUES

                        • Presentation

                          • Demographics

                            • Treatment

                              DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                              • Consider

                                Selected References

                                1. Gadde JA et al: Neuroimaging of patients in the intensive care unit: pearls and pitfalls. Radiol Clin North Am. 58(1):167-85, 2020
                                2. Uzelac A: Imaging of altered mental status. Radiol Clin North Am. 58(1):187-97, 2020
                                3. Bhatt AA et al: Beyond stroke-uncommon causes of diffusion restriction in the basal ganglia. Emerg Radiol. 25(1):87-92, 2018
                                4. Skalski KA et al: Hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic causes of signal loss on susceptibility-weighted imaging. Emerg Radiol. 25(6):691-701, 2018
                                5. Rutman AM et al: T2*-weighted and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging differentiation of cerebral fat embolism from diffuse axonal injury. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 41(6):877-83, 2017
                                6. Zakhari N et al: Unusual cerebral emboli. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 26(1):147-63, 2016
                                7. Eriksson EA et al: Fat embolism in pediatric patients: an autopsy evaluation of incidence and Etiology. J Crit Care. 30(1):221.e1-5, 2015
                                8. Kosova E et al: Fat embolism syndrome. Circulation. 131(3):317-20, 2015
                                9. Kuo KH et al: Dynamic MR imaging patterns of cerebral fat embolism: a systematic review with illustrative cases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 35(6):1052-7, 2014
                                10. Kellogg RG et al: Massive cerebral involvement in fat embolism syndrome and intracranial pressure management. J Neurosurg. 119(5):1263-70, 2013
                                11. Medina FJ et al: Cerebral fat embolism detection with susceptibility-weighted images in sickle cell disease. Neuroradiol J. 25(4):411-4, 2012
                                12. Abend NS et al: Hypodense middle cerebral artery with fat embolus. Neurocrit Care. 6(2):147-8, 2007
                                13. Koch S et al: Cerebral fat microembolism and cognitive decline after hip and knee replacement. Stroke. 38(3):1079-81, 2007
                                14. Aydin MD et al: Cerebral fat embolism: pulmonary contusion is a more important etiology than long bone fractures. Clin Neuropathol. 24(2):86-90, 2005
                                15. Lee TC et al: The hypodense artery sign. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 26(8):2027-9, 2005
                                16. Simon AD et al: Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of cerebral fat embolism: case report and review of the literature. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(1):97-101, 2003
                                17. Yoon SS et al: Acute fatal stroke immediately following autologous fat injection into the face. Neurology. 61(8):1151-2, 2003
                                18. Parizel PM et al: Early diagnosis of cerebral fat embolism syndrome by diffusion-weighted MRI (starfield pattern). Stroke. 32(12):2942-4, 2001
                                19. Forteza AM et al: Transcranial doppler detection of fat emboli. Stroke. 30(12):2687-91, 1999
                                20. Wegener K et al: A case of cerebral fat embolism demonstrating no pathophysiological involvement of lung dysfunction. Eur Neurol. 42(1):65-6, 1999
                                21. Ghatak NR et al: Cerebral fat embolism following cardiac surgery. Stroke. 14(4):619-21, 1983
                                Related Anatomy
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                                Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                References
                                Tables

                                Tables

                                KEY FACTS

                                • Terminology

                                  • Imaging

                                    • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                      • Pathology

                                        • Clinical Issues

                                          TERMINOLOGY

                                          • Definitions

                                            • Acute stroke related to fat emboli

                                          IMAGING

                                          • General Features

                                            • CT Findings

                                              • MR Findings

                                                • Imaging Recommendations

                                                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                    PATHOLOGY

                                                    • General Features

                                                      CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                      • Presentation

                                                        • Demographics

                                                          • Treatment

                                                            DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                            • Consider

                                                              Selected References

                                                              1. Gadde JA et al: Neuroimaging of patients in the intensive care unit: pearls and pitfalls. Radiol Clin North Am. 58(1):167-85, 2020
                                                              2. Uzelac A: Imaging of altered mental status. Radiol Clin North Am. 58(1):187-97, 2020
                                                              3. Bhatt AA et al: Beyond stroke-uncommon causes of diffusion restriction in the basal ganglia. Emerg Radiol. 25(1):87-92, 2018
                                                              4. Skalski KA et al: Hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic causes of signal loss on susceptibility-weighted imaging. Emerg Radiol. 25(6):691-701, 2018
                                                              5. Rutman AM et al: T2*-weighted and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging differentiation of cerebral fat embolism from diffuse axonal injury. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 41(6):877-83, 2017
                                                              6. Zakhari N et al: Unusual cerebral emboli. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 26(1):147-63, 2016
                                                              7. Eriksson EA et al: Fat embolism in pediatric patients: an autopsy evaluation of incidence and Etiology. J Crit Care. 30(1):221.e1-5, 2015
                                                              8. Kosova E et al: Fat embolism syndrome. Circulation. 131(3):317-20, 2015
                                                              9. Kuo KH et al: Dynamic MR imaging patterns of cerebral fat embolism: a systematic review with illustrative cases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 35(6):1052-7, 2014
                                                              10. Kellogg RG et al: Massive cerebral involvement in fat embolism syndrome and intracranial pressure management. J Neurosurg. 119(5):1263-70, 2013
                                                              11. Medina FJ et al: Cerebral fat embolism detection with susceptibility-weighted images in sickle cell disease. Neuroradiol J. 25(4):411-4, 2012
                                                              12. Abend NS et al: Hypodense middle cerebral artery with fat embolus. Neurocrit Care. 6(2):147-8, 2007
                                                              13. Koch S et al: Cerebral fat microembolism and cognitive decline after hip and knee replacement. Stroke. 38(3):1079-81, 2007
                                                              14. Aydin MD et al: Cerebral fat embolism: pulmonary contusion is a more important etiology than long bone fractures. Clin Neuropathol. 24(2):86-90, 2005
                                                              15. Lee TC et al: The hypodense artery sign. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 26(8):2027-9, 2005
                                                              16. Simon AD et al: Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of cerebral fat embolism: case report and review of the literature. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(1):97-101, 2003
                                                              17. Yoon SS et al: Acute fatal stroke immediately following autologous fat injection into the face. Neurology. 61(8):1151-2, 2003
                                                              18. Parizel PM et al: Early diagnosis of cerebral fat embolism syndrome by diffusion-weighted MRI (starfield pattern). Stroke. 32(12):2942-4, 2001
                                                              19. Forteza AM et al: Transcranial doppler detection of fat emboli. Stroke. 30(12):2687-91, 1999
                                                              20. Wegener K et al: A case of cerebral fat embolism demonstrating no pathophysiological involvement of lung dysfunction. Eur Neurol. 42(1):65-6, 1999
                                                              21. Ghatak NR et al: Cerebral fat embolism following cardiac surgery. Stroke. 14(4):619-21, 1983