link
Bookmarks
Spine
Diagnosis
Degenerative Diseases and Arthritides
Scoliosis and Kyphosis
Flat Back Syndrome
Flat Back Syndrome
Kevin R. Moore, MD
To access 4,300 diagnoses written by the world's leading experts in radiology.Try it free - 15 days
0
0
4
0

KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Clinical Issues

        • Diagnostic Checklist

          TERMINOLOGY

          • Abbreviations

            • Flat back syndrome (FBS)

          • Synonyms

            • Fixed sagittal imbalance (FSI), iatrogenic FBS/deformity, abnormal spinal kyphosis

          • Definitions

            • Loss of lumbar lordosis (LL) after scoliosis or lower lumbar distraction instrumentation, vertebral fracture, ankylosing spondylitis, or degenerative disease
              • Sagittal imbalance with center of gravity of head anterior to sacrum

          IMAGING

          • General Features

            • Radiographic Findings

              • CT Findings

                • MR Findings

                  • Imaging Recommendations

                    DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                      CLINICAL ISSUES

                      • Presentation

                        • Natural History & Prognosis

                          • Treatment

                            DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                            • Reporting Tips

                              Selected References

                              1. Janjua MB et al: Surgical treatment of flat back syndrome with anterior hyperlordotic cages. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 18(3):261-70, 2020
                              2. Chou D et al: The mini-open pedicle subtraction osteotomy for flat-back syndrome and kyphosis correction: operative technique. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 12(4):309-16, 2016
                              3. Boissière L et al: Lumbo-pelvic related indexes: impact on adult spinal deformity surgery. Eur Spine J. 24(6):1212-8, 2014
                              4. Vital JM et al: Osteotomies through a fusion mass in the lumbar spine. Eur Spine J. 1:S107-11, 2014
                              5. Weisz GM et al: Scanogram for sagittal imbalance of the spine: low dose alternative for a safer diagnosis. Curr Rheumatol Rev. 10(1):35-7, 2014
                              6. Hedlund R: Pedicle subtraction osteotomy in flat back syndrome 38 years after Harrington instrumentation for AIS. Eur Spine J. 21(3):563-5, 2012
                              7. Jagannathan J et al: Iatrogenic spinal deformity. Neurosurgery. 63(3 Suppl):104-16, 2008
                              8. Potter BK et al: Prevention and management of iatrogenic flatback deformity. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 86-A(8):1793-808, 2004
                              9. Wiggins GC et al: Management of iatrogenic flat-back syndrome. Neurosurg Focus. 15(3):E8, 2003
                              10. Danisa OA et al: Surgical correction of lumbar kyphotic deformity: posterior reduction "eggshell" osteotomy. J Neurosurg. 92(1 Suppl):50-6, 2000
                              11. Umehara S et al: The biomechanical effect of postoperative hypolordosis in instrumented lumbar fusion on instrumented and adjacent spinal segments. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 25(13):1617-24, 2000
                              12. Booth KC et al: Complications and predictive factors for the successful treatment of flatback deformity (fixed sagittal imbalance). Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 24(16):1712-20, 1999
                              13. Lin RM et al: Lumbar lordosis: normal adults. J Formos Med Assoc. 91(3):329-33, 1992
                              14. La Grone MO: Loss of lumbar lordosis. A complication of spinal fusion for scoliosis. Orthop Clin North Am. 19(2):383-93, 1988
                              Related Anatomy
                              Loading...
                              Related Differential Diagnoses
                              Loading...
                              References
                              Tables

                              Tables

                              KEY FACTS

                              • Terminology

                                • Imaging

                                  • Clinical Issues

                                    • Diagnostic Checklist

                                      TERMINOLOGY

                                      • Abbreviations

                                        • Flat back syndrome (FBS)

                                      • Synonyms

                                        • Fixed sagittal imbalance (FSI), iatrogenic FBS/deformity, abnormal spinal kyphosis

                                      • Definitions

                                        • Loss of lumbar lordosis (LL) after scoliosis or lower lumbar distraction instrumentation, vertebral fracture, ankylosing spondylitis, or degenerative disease
                                          • Sagittal imbalance with center of gravity of head anterior to sacrum

                                      IMAGING

                                      • General Features

                                        • Radiographic Findings

                                          • CT Findings

                                            • MR Findings

                                              • Imaging Recommendations

                                                DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                  CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                  • Presentation

                                                    • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                      • Treatment

                                                        DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                        • Reporting Tips

                                                          Selected References

                                                          1. Janjua MB et al: Surgical treatment of flat back syndrome with anterior hyperlordotic cages. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 18(3):261-70, 2020
                                                          2. Chou D et al: The mini-open pedicle subtraction osteotomy for flat-back syndrome and kyphosis correction: operative technique. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 12(4):309-16, 2016
                                                          3. Boissière L et al: Lumbo-pelvic related indexes: impact on adult spinal deformity surgery. Eur Spine J. 24(6):1212-8, 2014
                                                          4. Vital JM et al: Osteotomies through a fusion mass in the lumbar spine. Eur Spine J. 1:S107-11, 2014
                                                          5. Weisz GM et al: Scanogram for sagittal imbalance of the spine: low dose alternative for a safer diagnosis. Curr Rheumatol Rev. 10(1):35-7, 2014
                                                          6. Hedlund R: Pedicle subtraction osteotomy in flat back syndrome 38 years after Harrington instrumentation for AIS. Eur Spine J. 21(3):563-5, 2012
                                                          7. Jagannathan J et al: Iatrogenic spinal deformity. Neurosurgery. 63(3 Suppl):104-16, 2008
                                                          8. Potter BK et al: Prevention and management of iatrogenic flatback deformity. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 86-A(8):1793-808, 2004
                                                          9. Wiggins GC et al: Management of iatrogenic flat-back syndrome. Neurosurg Focus. 15(3):E8, 2003
                                                          10. Danisa OA et al: Surgical correction of lumbar kyphotic deformity: posterior reduction "eggshell" osteotomy. J Neurosurg. 92(1 Suppl):50-6, 2000
                                                          11. Umehara S et al: The biomechanical effect of postoperative hypolordosis in instrumented lumbar fusion on instrumented and adjacent spinal segments. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 25(13):1617-24, 2000
                                                          12. Booth KC et al: Complications and predictive factors for the successful treatment of flatback deformity (fixed sagittal imbalance). Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 24(16):1712-20, 1999
                                                          13. Lin RM et al: Lumbar lordosis: normal adults. J Formos Med Assoc. 91(3):329-33, 1992
                                                          14. La Grone MO: Loss of lumbar lordosis. A complication of spinal fusion for scoliosis. Orthop Clin North Am. 19(2):383-93, 1988