Renzulli M et al: Imaging-based diagnosis of benign lesions and pseudolesions in the cirrhotic liver. Magn Reson Imaging. 75:9-20, 2021
Vernuccio F et al: Benign and malignant mimickers of infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma: tips and tricks for differential diagnosis on CT and MRI. Clin Imaging. 70:33-45, 2021
Ozaki K et al: A case of focal confluent hepatic fibrosis in the patient with hepatitis C virus-related liver cirrhosis: a mimic of cholangiolocellular carcinoma. Abdom Radiol (NY). 45(7):2249-56, 2020
Galia M et al: Focal lesions in cirrhotic liver: what else beyond hepatocellular carcinoma? Diagn Interv Radiol. 20(3):222-8, 2014
Park YS et al: Using Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced 3-T MRI for the differentiation of infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma and focal confluent fibrosis in liver cirrhosis. Magn Reson Imaging. 31(7):1137-42, 2013
Brancatelli G et al: Focal confluent fibrosis in cirrhotic liver: natural history studied with serial CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(5):1341-7, 2009
Brancatelli G et al: Cirrhosis: CT and MR imaging evaluation. Eur J Radiol. 61(1):57-69, 2007
Blachar A et al: Hepatic capsular retraction: spectrum of benign and malignant etiologies. Abdom Imaging. 27(6):690-9, 2002
Ahn IO et al: Early hyperenhancement of confluent hepatic fibrosis on dynamic MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 171(3):901-2, 1998
Ohtomo K et al: Confluent hepatic fibrosis in advanced cirrhosis: appearance at CT. Radiology. 188(1):31-5, 1993
Ohtomo K et al: Confluent hepatic fibrosis in advanced cirrhosis: evaluation with MR imaging. Radiology. 189(3):871-4, 1993
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Confluent hepatic fibrosis
Definitions
Mass-like fibrosis in advanced cirrhosis
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Renzulli M et al: Imaging-based diagnosis of benign lesions and pseudolesions in the cirrhotic liver. Magn Reson Imaging. 75:9-20, 2021
Vernuccio F et al: Benign and malignant mimickers of infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma: tips and tricks for differential diagnosis on CT and MRI. Clin Imaging. 70:33-45, 2021
Ozaki K et al: A case of focal confluent hepatic fibrosis in the patient with hepatitis C virus-related liver cirrhosis: a mimic of cholangiolocellular carcinoma. Abdom Radiol (NY). 45(7):2249-56, 2020
Galia M et al: Focal lesions in cirrhotic liver: what else beyond hepatocellular carcinoma? Diagn Interv Radiol. 20(3):222-8, 2014
Park YS et al: Using Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced 3-T MRI for the differentiation of infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma and focal confluent fibrosis in liver cirrhosis. Magn Reson Imaging. 31(7):1137-42, 2013
Brancatelli G et al: Focal confluent fibrosis in cirrhotic liver: natural history studied with serial CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(5):1341-7, 2009
Brancatelli G et al: Cirrhosis: CT and MR imaging evaluation. Eur J Radiol. 61(1):57-69, 2007
Blachar A et al: Hepatic capsular retraction: spectrum of benign and malignant etiologies. Abdom Imaging. 27(6):690-9, 2002
Ahn IO et al: Early hyperenhancement of confluent hepatic fibrosis on dynamic MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 171(3):901-2, 1998
Ohtomo K et al: Confluent hepatic fibrosis in advanced cirrhosis: appearance at CT. Radiology. 188(1):31-5, 1993
Ohtomo K et al: Confluent hepatic fibrosis in advanced cirrhosis: evaluation with MR imaging. Radiology. 189(3):871-4, 1993
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