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Focal Confluent Fibrosis
Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR
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KEY FACTS

  • Imaging

    • Top Differential Diagnoses

      • Clinical Issues

        • Diagnostic Checklist

          TERMINOLOGY

          • Synonyms

            • Confluent hepatic fibrosis
          • Definitions

            • Mass-like fibrosis in advanced cirrhosis

          IMAGING

          • General Features

            • CT Findings

              • MR Findings

                • Imaging Recommendations

                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                    PATHOLOGY

                    • General Features

                      • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                        • Microscopic Features

                          CLINICAL ISSUES

                          • Presentation

                            • Demographics

                              • Natural History & Prognosis

                                • Treatment

                                  DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                  • Consider

                                    • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                      Selected References

                                      1. Renzulli M et al: Imaging-based diagnosis of benign lesions and pseudolesions in the cirrhotic liver. Magn Reson Imaging. 75:9-20, 2021
                                      2. Vernuccio F et al: Benign and malignant mimickers of infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma: tips and tricks for differential diagnosis on CT and MRI. Clin Imaging. 70:33-45, 2021
                                      3. Ozaki K et al: A case of focal confluent hepatic fibrosis in the patient with hepatitis C virus-related liver cirrhosis: a mimic of cholangiolocellular carcinoma. Abdom Radiol (NY). 45(7):2249-56, 2020
                                      4. Galia M et al: Focal lesions in cirrhotic liver: what else beyond hepatocellular carcinoma? Diagn Interv Radiol. 20(3):222-8, 2014
                                      5. Park YS et al: Using Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced 3-T MRI for the differentiation of infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma and focal confluent fibrosis in liver cirrhosis. Magn Reson Imaging. 31(7):1137-42, 2013
                                      6. Brancatelli G et al: Focal confluent fibrosis in cirrhotic liver: natural history studied with serial CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(5):1341-7, 2009
                                      7. Brancatelli G et al: Cirrhosis: CT and MR imaging evaluation. Eur J Radiol. 61(1):57-69, 2007
                                      8. Blachar A et al: Hepatic capsular retraction: spectrum of benign and malignant etiologies. Abdom Imaging. 27(6):690-9, 2002
                                      9. Ahn IO et al: Early hyperenhancement of confluent hepatic fibrosis on dynamic MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 171(3):901-2, 1998
                                      10. Ohtomo K et al: Confluent hepatic fibrosis in advanced cirrhosis: appearance at CT. Radiology. 188(1):31-5, 1993
                                      11. Ohtomo K et al: Confluent hepatic fibrosis in advanced cirrhosis: evaluation with MR imaging. Radiology. 189(3):871-4, 1993
                                      Related Anatomy
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                                      Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                      References
                                      Tables

                                      Tables

                                      KEY FACTS

                                      • Imaging

                                        • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                          • Clinical Issues

                                            • Diagnostic Checklist

                                              TERMINOLOGY

                                              • Synonyms

                                                • Confluent hepatic fibrosis
                                              • Definitions

                                                • Mass-like fibrosis in advanced cirrhosis

                                              IMAGING

                                              • General Features

                                                • CT Findings

                                                  • MR Findings

                                                    • Imaging Recommendations

                                                      DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                        PATHOLOGY

                                                        • General Features

                                                          • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                            • Microscopic Features

                                                              CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                              • Presentation

                                                                • Demographics

                                                                  • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                    • Treatment

                                                                      DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                      • Consider

                                                                        • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                          Selected References

                                                                          1. Renzulli M et al: Imaging-based diagnosis of benign lesions and pseudolesions in the cirrhotic liver. Magn Reson Imaging. 75:9-20, 2021
                                                                          2. Vernuccio F et al: Benign and malignant mimickers of infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma: tips and tricks for differential diagnosis on CT and MRI. Clin Imaging. 70:33-45, 2021
                                                                          3. Ozaki K et al: A case of focal confluent hepatic fibrosis in the patient with hepatitis C virus-related liver cirrhosis: a mimic of cholangiolocellular carcinoma. Abdom Radiol (NY). 45(7):2249-56, 2020
                                                                          4. Galia M et al: Focal lesions in cirrhotic liver: what else beyond hepatocellular carcinoma? Diagn Interv Radiol. 20(3):222-8, 2014
                                                                          5. Park YS et al: Using Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced 3-T MRI for the differentiation of infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma and focal confluent fibrosis in liver cirrhosis. Magn Reson Imaging. 31(7):1137-42, 2013
                                                                          6. Brancatelli G et al: Focal confluent fibrosis in cirrhotic liver: natural history studied with serial CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(5):1341-7, 2009
                                                                          7. Brancatelli G et al: Cirrhosis: CT and MR imaging evaluation. Eur J Radiol. 61(1):57-69, 2007
                                                                          8. Blachar A et al: Hepatic capsular retraction: spectrum of benign and malignant etiologies. Abdom Imaging. 27(6):690-9, 2002
                                                                          9. Ahn IO et al: Early hyperenhancement of confluent hepatic fibrosis on dynamic MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 171(3):901-2, 1998
                                                                          10. Ohtomo K et al: Confluent hepatic fibrosis in advanced cirrhosis: appearance at CT. Radiology. 188(1):31-5, 1993
                                                                          11. Ohtomo K et al: Confluent hepatic fibrosis in advanced cirrhosis: evaluation with MR imaging. Radiology. 189(3):871-4, 1993