Benign tumor of liver caused by hyperplastic response to localized vascular abnormality
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Burrowes DP et al: Characterization of focal liver masses: a multicenter comparison of contrast-enhanced ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. J Ultrasound Med. ePub, 2021
Kang TW et al: Comparison of super-resolution US and contrast material-enhanced US in detection of the spoke wheel sign in patients with focal nodular hyperplasia. Radiology. 298(1):82-90, 2021
Bröker MEE et al: Performance of contrast-enhanced sonography versus MRI with a liver-specific contrast agent for diagnosis of hepatocellular adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 214(1):81-9, 2020
Burrowes DP et al: RadioGraphics update: contrast-enhanced US approach to the diagnosis of focal liver masses. Radiographics. 40(4):E16-20, 2020
Kong WT et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in combination with color Doppler ultrasound can improve the diagnostic performance of focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma. Ultrasound Med Biol. 41(4):944-51, 2015
Li W et al: Differentiation of atypical hepatocellular carcinoma from focal nodular hyperplasia: diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced US and microflow imaging. Radiology. 275(3):870-9, 2015
Suh CH et al: The diagnostic value of Gd-EOB-DTPA-MRI for the diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 25(4):950-60, 2015
Bertin C et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of focal nodular hyperplasia: a matter of size. Eur Radiol. 24(10):2561-71, 2014
Cristiano A et al: Focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic adenoma: current diagnosis and management. Updates Surg. 66(1):9-21, 2014
Pei XQ et al: Quantitative analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography: differentiating focal nodular hyperplasia from hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Radiol. 86(1023):20120536, 2013
Wang W et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound features of histologically proven focal nodular hyperplasia: diagnostic performance compared with contrast-enhanced CT. Eur Radiol. 23(9):2546-54, 2013
Bonder A et al: Evaluation of liver lesions. Clin Liver Dis. 16(2):271-83, 2012
Wu S et al: The frequency and clinical significance of the halo sign in focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. Med Ultrason. 14(4):278-82, 2012
Quaia E: The real capabilities of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the characterization of solid focal liver lesions. Eur Radiol. 21(3):457-62, 2011
Piscaglia F et al: Characterization of focal liver lesions with contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol. 36(4):531-50, 2010
Piscaglia F et al: Diagnostic features of real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound in focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. Ultraschall Med. 31(3):276-82, 2010
Seitz K et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the characterization of focal liver lesions in clinical practice (DEGUM Multicenter Trial): CEUS vs. MRI--a prospective comparison in 269 patients. Ultraschall Med. 31(5):492-9, 2010
van den Esschert JW et al: Imaging modalities for focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma. Dig Surg. 27(1):46-55, 2010
Jang HJ et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the detection and characterization of liver tumors. Cancer Imaging. 9:96-103, 2009
Kamaya A et al: Hypervascular liver lesions. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 30(5):387-407, 2009
Trillaud H et al: Characterization of focal liver lesions with SonoVue-enhanced sonography: international multicenter-study in comparison to CT and MRI. World J Gastroenterol. 15(30):3748-56, 2009
Xu HX et al: Characterization of small focal liver lesions using real-time contrast-enhanced sonography: diagnostic performance analysis in 200 patients. J Ultrasound Med. 25(3):349-61, 2006
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH)
Definitions
Benign tumor of liver caused by hyperplastic response to localized vascular abnormality
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Burrowes DP et al: Characterization of focal liver masses: a multicenter comparison of contrast-enhanced ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. J Ultrasound Med. ePub, 2021
Kang TW et al: Comparison of super-resolution US and contrast material-enhanced US in detection of the spoke wheel sign in patients with focal nodular hyperplasia. Radiology. 298(1):82-90, 2021
Bröker MEE et al: Performance of contrast-enhanced sonography versus MRI with a liver-specific contrast agent for diagnosis of hepatocellular adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 214(1):81-9, 2020
Burrowes DP et al: RadioGraphics update: contrast-enhanced US approach to the diagnosis of focal liver masses. Radiographics. 40(4):E16-20, 2020
Kong WT et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in combination with color Doppler ultrasound can improve the diagnostic performance of focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma. Ultrasound Med Biol. 41(4):944-51, 2015
Li W et al: Differentiation of atypical hepatocellular carcinoma from focal nodular hyperplasia: diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced US and microflow imaging. Radiology. 275(3):870-9, 2015
Suh CH et al: The diagnostic value of Gd-EOB-DTPA-MRI for the diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 25(4):950-60, 2015
Bertin C et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of focal nodular hyperplasia: a matter of size. Eur Radiol. 24(10):2561-71, 2014
Cristiano A et al: Focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic adenoma: current diagnosis and management. Updates Surg. 66(1):9-21, 2014
Pei XQ et al: Quantitative analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography: differentiating focal nodular hyperplasia from hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Radiol. 86(1023):20120536, 2013
Wang W et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound features of histologically proven focal nodular hyperplasia: diagnostic performance compared with contrast-enhanced CT. Eur Radiol. 23(9):2546-54, 2013
Bonder A et al: Evaluation of liver lesions. Clin Liver Dis. 16(2):271-83, 2012
Wu S et al: The frequency and clinical significance of the halo sign in focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. Med Ultrason. 14(4):278-82, 2012
Quaia E: The real capabilities of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the characterization of solid focal liver lesions. Eur Radiol. 21(3):457-62, 2011
Piscaglia F et al: Characterization of focal liver lesions with contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol. 36(4):531-50, 2010
Piscaglia F et al: Diagnostic features of real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound in focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. Ultraschall Med. 31(3):276-82, 2010
Seitz K et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the characterization of focal liver lesions in clinical practice (DEGUM Multicenter Trial): CEUS vs. MRI--a prospective comparison in 269 patients. Ultraschall Med. 31(5):492-9, 2010
van den Esschert JW et al: Imaging modalities for focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma. Dig Surg. 27(1):46-55, 2010
Jang HJ et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the detection and characterization of liver tumors. Cancer Imaging. 9:96-103, 2009
Kamaya A et al: Hypervascular liver lesions. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 30(5):387-407, 2009
Trillaud H et al: Characterization of focal liver lesions with SonoVue-enhanced sonography: international multicenter-study in comparison to CT and MRI. World J Gastroenterol. 15(30):3748-56, 2009
Xu HX et al: Characterization of small focal liver lesions using real-time contrast-enhanced sonography: diagnostic performance analysis in 200 patients. J Ultrasound Med. 25(3):349-61, 2006
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