Both-bone fracture: usually midshaft fracture of radius and ulna
Nightstick fracture: nondisplaced fracture of ulnar shaft
Plastic deformity: bowing fracture
Definitions
Fracture, complete or incomplete, of radius &/or ulna
Fracture-dislocation: generally fracture of 1 forearm bone with associated dislocation of other, either at elbow or wrist
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Complications
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Hanlon DP et al: The emergent evaluation and treatment of elbow and forearm injuries. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 38(1):81-102, 2020
Srinivasan RC et al: Forearm nonunion: characterization and management. J Hand Surg Am. 45(11):1055-64, 2020
Sinikumpu JJ et al: The shaft fractures of the radius and ulna in children: current concepts. J Pediatr Orthop B. 24(3):200-6, 2015
Bartoníček J et al: History of operative treatment of forearm diaphyseal fractures. J Hand Surg Am. 39(2):335-42, 2014
Jayakumar P et al: Non-union in forearm fractures. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 81(1):22-32, 2014
Loder RT et al: Fractures from trampolines: results from a national database, 2002 to 2011. J Pediatr Orthop. 34(7):683-90, 2014
Massobrio M et al: Forearm post-traumatic deformities: classification and treatment. Injury. 45(2):424-7, 2014
McGinley JC et al: MRI detection of forearm soft tissue injuries with radial head fractures. Hand (N Y). 9(1):87-92, 2014
Schulte LM et al: Management of adult diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 22(7):437-46, 2014
Tianhao W et al: Plastic deformation of the forearm in adults: an analysis of 30 cases. J Orthop Surg Res. 9(1):117, 2014
Cai XZ et al: A systematic review of the non-operative treatment of nightstick fractures of the ulna. Bone Joint J. 95-B(7):952-9, 2013
Edwards SG et al: Proximal forearm fractures. Orthop Clin North Am. 44(1):67-80, 2013
Lieber J et al: Developments in the treatment of pediatric long bone shaft fractures. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 23(6):427-33, 2013
Madhuri V et al: Conservative interventions for treating diaphyseal fractures of the forearm bones in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 4:CD008775, 2013
Sinikumpu JJ et al: The changing pattern of pediatric both-bone forearm shaft fractures among 86,000 children from 1997 to 2009. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 23(4):289-96, 2013
Westacott D et al: Single-bone fixation of paediatric diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures: a systematic review. Acta Orthop Belg. 78(4):425-30, 2012
Jones DB Jr et al: Adult diaphyseal forearm fractures: intramedullary nail versus plate fixation. J Hand Surg Am. 36(7):1216-9, 2011
Kropman RH et al: Treatment of impacted greenstick forearm fractures in children using bandage or cast therapy: a prospective randomized trial. J Trauma. 68(2):425-8, 2010
Black WS et al: Common forearm fractures in adults. Am Fam Physician. 80(10):1096-102, 2009
Bae DS: Pediatric distal radius and forearm fractures. J Hand Surg [Am]. 33(10):1911-23, 2008
Moss JP et al: Diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna in adults. Hand Clin. 23(2):143-51, v, 2007
Patel RV et al: Forearm fractures. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 68(5):M90-1, 2007
Sauder DJ et al: Management of isolated ulnar shaft fractures. Hand Clin. 23(2):179-84, vi, 2007
LaStayo PC et al: The forearm complex: anatomy, biomechanics and clinical considerations. J Hand Ther. 19(2):137-44, 2006
Sclamberg J et al: Acute plastic bowing deformation of the forearm in an adult. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(5):1259-60, 1998
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Both-bone fracture: usually midshaft fracture of radius and ulna
Nightstick fracture: nondisplaced fracture of ulnar shaft
Plastic deformity: bowing fracture
Definitions
Fracture, complete or incomplete, of radius &/or ulna
Fracture-dislocation: generally fracture of 1 forearm bone with associated dislocation of other, either at elbow or wrist
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Complications
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Hanlon DP et al: The emergent evaluation and treatment of elbow and forearm injuries. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 38(1):81-102, 2020
Srinivasan RC et al: Forearm nonunion: characterization and management. J Hand Surg Am. 45(11):1055-64, 2020
Sinikumpu JJ et al: The shaft fractures of the radius and ulna in children: current concepts. J Pediatr Orthop B. 24(3):200-6, 2015
Bartoníček J et al: History of operative treatment of forearm diaphyseal fractures. J Hand Surg Am. 39(2):335-42, 2014
Jayakumar P et al: Non-union in forearm fractures. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 81(1):22-32, 2014
Loder RT et al: Fractures from trampolines: results from a national database, 2002 to 2011. J Pediatr Orthop. 34(7):683-90, 2014
Massobrio M et al: Forearm post-traumatic deformities: classification and treatment. Injury. 45(2):424-7, 2014
McGinley JC et al: MRI detection of forearm soft tissue injuries with radial head fractures. Hand (N Y). 9(1):87-92, 2014
Schulte LM et al: Management of adult diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 22(7):437-46, 2014
Tianhao W et al: Plastic deformation of the forearm in adults: an analysis of 30 cases. J Orthop Surg Res. 9(1):117, 2014
Cai XZ et al: A systematic review of the non-operative treatment of nightstick fractures of the ulna. Bone Joint J. 95-B(7):952-9, 2013
Edwards SG et al: Proximal forearm fractures. Orthop Clin North Am. 44(1):67-80, 2013
Lieber J et al: Developments in the treatment of pediatric long bone shaft fractures. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 23(6):427-33, 2013
Madhuri V et al: Conservative interventions for treating diaphyseal fractures of the forearm bones in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 4:CD008775, 2013
Sinikumpu JJ et al: The changing pattern of pediatric both-bone forearm shaft fractures among 86,000 children from 1997 to 2009. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 23(4):289-96, 2013
Westacott D et al: Single-bone fixation of paediatric diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures: a systematic review. Acta Orthop Belg. 78(4):425-30, 2012
Jones DB Jr et al: Adult diaphyseal forearm fractures: intramedullary nail versus plate fixation. J Hand Surg Am. 36(7):1216-9, 2011
Kropman RH et al: Treatment of impacted greenstick forearm fractures in children using bandage or cast therapy: a prospective randomized trial. J Trauma. 68(2):425-8, 2010
Black WS et al: Common forearm fractures in adults. Am Fam Physician. 80(10):1096-102, 2009
Bae DS: Pediatric distal radius and forearm fractures. J Hand Surg [Am]. 33(10):1911-23, 2008
Moss JP et al: Diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna in adults. Hand Clin. 23(2):143-51, v, 2007
Patel RV et al: Forearm fractures. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 68(5):M90-1, 2007
Sauder DJ et al: Management of isolated ulnar shaft fractures. Hand Clin. 23(2):179-84, vi, 2007
LaStayo PC et al: The forearm complex: anatomy, biomechanics and clinical considerations. J Hand Ther. 19(2):137-44, 2006
Sclamberg J et al: Acute plastic bowing deformation of the forearm in an adult. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(5):1259-60, 1998
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