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TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Iliohypogastric nerve (IH-N)
- Ilioinguinal nerve (II-N)
- Genitofemoral nerve (GFN)
- Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN)
- Femoral nerve (FN)
- Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (PFCN)
- Sciatic nerve (SN)
- Common peroneal nerve (CPN)
- Deep peroneal nerve (DPN)
- Superficial peroneal nerve (SPN)
- Tibial nerve (TN)
Definitions
- Lower extremity is lower appendage extending from hip to toes
GROSS ANATOMY
Anatomic Boundaries
Bones of Lower Extremity
Muscles of Anterior Thigh Compartment (Flexors)
Muscles of Medial Thigh Compartment (Adductors)
Muscles of Posterior Thigh Compartment
Muscles of Anterior Leg Compartment
Muscles of Lateral Leg Compartment
Muscles of Superficial Posterior Leg Compartment
Muscles of Deep Posterior Leg Compartment
Muscles of Foot
INNERVATION of LOWER EXTREMITY
Lumbar Plexus (L1-L4)
Lumbosacral Trunk (L4-S1)
Sacral Plexus (S1-S4)
Cutaneous Innervation
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Analgesia of Lower Extremity
Selected References
- Brazill JM et al: Nerves in bone: evolving concepts in pain and anabolism. J Bone Miner Res. 34(8):1393-406, 2019
- Tran DQ et al: Lower extremity regional anesthesia: essentials of our current understanding. Reg Anesth Pain Med. ePub, 2019
- Tran J et al: Anatomical study of the innervation of anterior knee joint capsule: implication for image-guided intervention. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 43(4):407-14, 2018
- Nencini S et al: The physiology of bone pain. How much do we really know? Front Physiol. 7:157, 2016
- Karmakar MK et al: High-definition ultrasound imaging defines the paraneural sheath and the fascial compartments surrounding the sciatic nerve at the popliteal fossa. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 38(5):447-51, 2013
- Andersen HL et al: Injection inside the paraneural sheath of the sciatic nerve: direct comparison among ultrasound imaging, macroscopic anatomy, and histologic analysis. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 37(4):410-4, 2012
- Awad IT et al: Posterior lumbar plexus block: anatomy, approaches, and techniques. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 30:143–9, 2005
- Sim IW et al: Anatomy and anaesthesia of the lumbar somatic plexus. Anaesth Intensive Care. 32:178–87, 2004
- Standring S et al: Pelvic girdle and lower limb. In Standring S et al: Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. Edinburgh New York: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2005.
- Horner G et al: Innervation of the human knee joint and implications for surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 221-6, 1994
- Hurrell DJ: The nerve supply of bone. J Anat. 72(Pt 1):54-61, 1937
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Iliohypogastric nerve (IH-N)
- Ilioinguinal nerve (II-N)
- Genitofemoral nerve (GFN)
- Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN)
- Femoral nerve (FN)
- Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (PFCN)
- Sciatic nerve (SN)
- Common peroneal nerve (CPN)
- Deep peroneal nerve (DPN)
- Superficial peroneal nerve (SPN)
- Tibial nerve (TN)
Definitions
- Lower extremity is lower appendage extending from hip to toes
GROSS ANATOMY
Anatomic Boundaries
Bones of Lower Extremity
Muscles of Anterior Thigh Compartment (Flexors)
Muscles of Medial Thigh Compartment (Adductors)
Muscles of Posterior Thigh Compartment
Muscles of Anterior Leg Compartment
Muscles of Lateral Leg Compartment
Muscles of Superficial Posterior Leg Compartment
Muscles of Deep Posterior Leg Compartment
Muscles of Foot
INNERVATION of LOWER EXTREMITY
Lumbar Plexus (L1-L4)
Lumbosacral Trunk (L4-S1)
Sacral Plexus (S1-S4)
Cutaneous Innervation
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Analgesia of Lower Extremity
Selected References
- Brazill JM et al: Nerves in bone: evolving concepts in pain and anabolism. J Bone Miner Res. 34(8):1393-406, 2019
- Tran DQ et al: Lower extremity regional anesthesia: essentials of our current understanding. Reg Anesth Pain Med. ePub, 2019
- Tran J et al: Anatomical study of the innervation of anterior knee joint capsule: implication for image-guided intervention. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 43(4):407-14, 2018
- Nencini S et al: The physiology of bone pain. How much do we really know? Front Physiol. 7:157, 2016
- Karmakar MK et al: High-definition ultrasound imaging defines the paraneural sheath and the fascial compartments surrounding the sciatic nerve at the popliteal fossa. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 38(5):447-51, 2013
- Andersen HL et al: Injection inside the paraneural sheath of the sciatic nerve: direct comparison among ultrasound imaging, macroscopic anatomy, and histologic analysis. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 37(4):410-4, 2012
- Awad IT et al: Posterior lumbar plexus block: anatomy, approaches, and techniques. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 30:143–9, 2005
- Sim IW et al: Anatomy and anaesthesia of the lumbar somatic plexus. Anaesth Intensive Care. 32:178–87, 2004
- Standring S et al: Pelvic girdle and lower limb. In Standring S et al: Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. Edinburgh New York: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2005.
- Horner G et al: Innervation of the human knee joint and implications for surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 221-6, 1994
- Hurrell DJ: The nerve supply of bone. J Anat. 72(Pt 1):54-61, 1937
