TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Pectoralis major muscle (PMM)
- Pectoralis minor muscle (PMiM)
- Erector spinae muscle (ESM)
- Latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM)
- Serratus posterior inferior muscle (SPI)
- Serratus posterior superior muscle (SPA)
- Rhomboid (minor and major) muscle (RMM)
- Trapezius muscle (TPM)
- Levatores costarum muscle (LCM)
- Innermost intercostal muscle (InIM)
- Internal intercostal muscle (IIM)
- External intercostal muscle (EIM)
- Serratus anterior muscle (SAM)
Synonyms
Definitions
- Extends from superior thoracic aperture to inferior thoracic aperture
- Superior thoracic aperture formed by 1st thoracic vertebral body, 1st rib, and manubrium.
- Inferior thoracic aperture formed by costal margin anterior, distal tip of 11th and 12th ribs, and body of T12 vertebral body; it is closed off by diaphragm
- Bones include: Thoracic vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and clavicle
- Major muscular components of anterior chest wall include: PMM and PMiM, SAM, and intercostal muscles
- Major muscles of posterior thorax include: TPM, RMM, ESM, serratus posterior, latissimus dorsi, intercostal muscles
GROSS ANATOMY
Somatic Innervation of Thoracic Wall
Clinical Implications
Selected References
- Mittnacht AJC et al: Regional techniques for cardiac and cardiac-related procedures. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 33(2):532-46, 2019
- Ourieff J et al: Anatomy, Back, Trapezius 2019
- Krediet AC et al: Different approaches to ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block: an illustrated review. Anesthesiology. 123(2):459-74, 2015
- Rea, P: Essential Clinically Applied Anatomy of the Peripheral Nervous System in the Limbs. London: Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier, 2015
- Bakkum BW et al: Muscles that influence the spine. In Cramer GD et al: Clinical Anatomy of the Spine, Spinal Cord, and ANS. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Health Sciences. 98-134, 2014
- Labronici PJ et al: Clavicle fractures - incidence of supraclavicular nerve injury. Rev Bras Ortop. 48(4):317-21, 2013
- Saito T et al: Analysis of the posterior ramus of the lumbar spinal nerve: the structure of the posterior ramus of the spinal nerve. Anesthesiology. 118(1):88-94, 2013
- Jacob, S: Human anatomy: A Clinically-Orientated Approach: An Illustrated Colour Text. Edinburgh New York: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier, 2007
- Vilensky JA et al: Serratus posterior muscles: anatomy, clinical relevance, and function. Clin Anat. 14(4):237-41, 2001
- Bogduk N et al: The human lumbar dorsal rami. J Anat. 134(Pt 2):383-97, 1982
- MORRISON AB: The levatores costarum and their nerve supply. J Anat. 88(1):19-24, 1954
- Davies F et al: The Anatomy of the Intercostal Nerves. J Anat. 66(Pt 3):323-33, 1932
Related Differential Diagnoses
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