Behzadi AH et al: Immediate allergic reactions to gadolinium-based contrast agents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiology. 286(2):471-482, 2018
Benzon HT et al: Caution in using gadolinium-based contrast agents in interventional pain procedures. Anesth Analg. 127(6):1452-1456, 2018
Expert Panel on Breast imaging: ACR Appropriateness Criteria Breast Imaging of Pregnant and Lactating Women. J Am Coll Radiol. 15(11S):S263-S275, 2018
Guo BJ et al: Gadolinium deposition in brain: Current scientific evidence and future perspectives. Front Mol Neurosci. 11:335, 2018
Heshmatzadeh Behzadi A et al: MRI and CT contrast media extravasation: A systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore). 97(9):e0055, 2018
Levine D et al: Gadolinium retention after contrast-enhanced MRI. JAMA. 320(18):1853-1854, 2018
McDonald RJ et al: Gadolinium retention: A research roadmap from the 2018 NIH/ACR/RSNA Workshop on Gadolinium Chelates. Radiology. 289(2):517-534, 2018
Pasquini L et al: Gadolinium-based contrast agent-related toxicities. CNS Drugs. 32(3):229-240, 2018
Rozenfeld MN et al: Gadolinium-based contrast agents in children. Pediatr Radiol. 48(9):1188-1196, 2018
Runge VM: Dechelation (Transmetalation): Consequences and Safety Concerns With the Linear Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents, In View of Recent Health Care Rulings by the EMA (Europe), FDA (United States), and PMDA (Japan). Invest Radiol. 53(10):571-578, 2018
Kang Y et al: Delayed Gadolinium-enhanced MR Imaging of Cartilage: A Comparative Analysis of Different Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents in an ex Vivo Porcine Model. Radiology. 282(3):734-742, 2017
Yao H et al: FDA-approved drugs that interfere with laboratory tests: A systematic search of US drug labels. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 54(1):1-17, 2017
Fretellier N et al: Analytical interference in serum iron determination reveals iron versus gadolinium transmetallation with linear gadolinium-based contrast agents. Invest Radiol. 49(12):766-72, 2014
Guglielmo FF et al: Gadolinium contrast agent selection and optimal use for body MR imaging. Radiol Clin North Am. 52(4):637-56, 2014
Löwe A et al: Evaluation of the effect of two gadolinium-containing contrast-enhancing agents, gadobutrol and gadoxetate disodium, on colorimetric calcium determinations in serum and plasma. Invest Radiol. 46(6):366-9, 2011
Ersoy H et al: Biochemical safety profiles of gadolinium-based extracellular contrast agents and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 26(5):1190-7, 2007
Rohrer M et al: Comparison of magnetic properties of MRI contrast media solutions at different magnetic field strengths. Invest Radiol. 40(11):715-24, 2005
Proctor KA et al: Gadolinium magnetic resonance contrast agents produce analytic interference in multiple serum assays. Am J Clin Pathol. 121(2):282-92, 2004
ACR Manual on Contrast Media 10.3 2018. https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Contrast-Manual
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
Terminology
Abbreviations
Gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA)
Introduction
Injection Issues
Hand vs. Power Injection
Extravasation
GBCA Stability
Gadolinium Retention
Interference With Blood Tests
Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
Acute Gadolinium Reactions
Physiologic Reactions
Hypersensitivity Reactions (Allergic-Like)
GBCA in Pregnancy
GBCA in Lactation
Selected References
Behzadi AH et al: Immediate allergic reactions to gadolinium-based contrast agents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiology. 286(2):471-482, 2018
Benzon HT et al: Caution in using gadolinium-based contrast agents in interventional pain procedures. Anesth Analg. 127(6):1452-1456, 2018
Expert Panel on Breast imaging: ACR Appropriateness Criteria Breast Imaging of Pregnant and Lactating Women. J Am Coll Radiol. 15(11S):S263-S275, 2018
Guo BJ et al: Gadolinium deposition in brain: Current scientific evidence and future perspectives. Front Mol Neurosci. 11:335, 2018
Heshmatzadeh Behzadi A et al: MRI and CT contrast media extravasation: A systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore). 97(9):e0055, 2018
Levine D et al: Gadolinium retention after contrast-enhanced MRI. JAMA. 320(18):1853-1854, 2018
McDonald RJ et al: Gadolinium retention: A research roadmap from the 2018 NIH/ACR/RSNA Workshop on Gadolinium Chelates. Radiology. 289(2):517-534, 2018
Pasquini L et al: Gadolinium-based contrast agent-related toxicities. CNS Drugs. 32(3):229-240, 2018
Rozenfeld MN et al: Gadolinium-based contrast agents in children. Pediatr Radiol. 48(9):1188-1196, 2018
Runge VM: Dechelation (Transmetalation): Consequences and Safety Concerns With the Linear Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents, In View of Recent Health Care Rulings by the EMA (Europe), FDA (United States), and PMDA (Japan). Invest Radiol. 53(10):571-578, 2018
Kang Y et al: Delayed Gadolinium-enhanced MR Imaging of Cartilage: A Comparative Analysis of Different Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents in an ex Vivo Porcine Model. Radiology. 282(3):734-742, 2017
Yao H et al: FDA-approved drugs that interfere with laboratory tests: A systematic search of US drug labels. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 54(1):1-17, 2017
Fretellier N et al: Analytical interference in serum iron determination reveals iron versus gadolinium transmetallation with linear gadolinium-based contrast agents. Invest Radiol. 49(12):766-72, 2014
Guglielmo FF et al: Gadolinium contrast agent selection and optimal use for body MR imaging. Radiol Clin North Am. 52(4):637-56, 2014
Löwe A et al: Evaluation of the effect of two gadolinium-containing contrast-enhancing agents, gadobutrol and gadoxetate disodium, on colorimetric calcium determinations in serum and plasma. Invest Radiol. 46(6):366-9, 2011
Ersoy H et al: Biochemical safety profiles of gadolinium-based extracellular contrast agents and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 26(5):1190-7, 2007
Rohrer M et al: Comparison of magnetic properties of MRI contrast media solutions at different magnetic field strengths. Invest Radiol. 40(11):715-24, 2005
Proctor KA et al: Gadolinium magnetic resonance contrast agents produce analytic interference in multiple serum assays. Am J Clin Pathol. 121(2):282-92, 2004
ACR Manual on Contrast Media 10.3 2018. https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Contrast-Manual
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