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Galactocele
Hilda Tso, DOWei Tse Yang, MBBS
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          • Clinical Issues

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Synonyms

              • Lactocele
            • Definitions

              • Retention cyst containing milk from occluded lactiferous duct secondary to duct obstruction, usually during or shortly after cessation of lactation

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • Mammographic Findings

                • Ultrasonographic Findings

                  • Image-Guided Biopsy

                    • Imaging Recommendations

                      DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                        PATHOLOGY

                        • General Features

                          • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                            • Microscopic Features

                              CLINICAL ISSUES

                              • Presentation

                                • Demographics

                                  • Natural History & Prognosis

                                    • Treatment

                                      DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                      • Consider

                                        • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                          Selected References

                                          1. Journo G et al: Hyperechoic breast images: all that glitters is not gold! Insights Imaging. 9(2):199-209, 2018
                                          2. Farrokh D et al: Galactocele in the axillary accessory breast mimicking suspicious solid mass on ultrasound. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2017:4807013, 2017
                                          3. Parker S et al: Spectrum of pregnancy- and lactation-related benign breast findings. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 46(6):432-440, 2017
                                          4. Langer A et al: Breast lumps in pregnant women. Diagn Interv Imaging. 96(10):1077-87, 2015
                                          5. Tirada N et al: Imaging pregnant and lactating patients. Radiographics. 35(6):1751-65, 2015
                                          6. Freer PE et al: Digital breast tomosynthesis in the analysis of fat-containing lesions. Radiographics. 34(2):343-58, 2014
                                          7. Ayyappan AP et al: Imaging of fat-containing lesions of the breast: a pictorial essay. J Clin Ultrasound. 41(7):424-33, 2013
                                          8. Kaneda HJ et al: Pediatric and adolescent breast masses: a review of pathophysiology, imaging, diagnosis, and treatment. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 200(2):W204-12, 2013
                                          9. Vashi R et al: Breast imaging of the pregnant and lactating patient: physiologic changes and common benign entities. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 200(2):329-36, 2013
                                          10. Perez-Bóscollo AC et al: Galactocele: an unusual cause of breast enlargement in children. J Pediatr Surg. 44(7):e1-3, 2009
                                          11. Lin WC et al: A late complication of augmentation mammoplasty by polyacrylamide hydrogel injection: ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings of huge galactocele formation in a puerperal woman with pathological correlation. Breast J. 14(6):584-7, 2008
                                          12. Sabate JM et al: Radiologic evaluation of breast disorders related to pregnancy and lactation. Radiographics. 27 Suppl 1:S101-24, 2007
                                          13. Whang IY et al: Galactocele as a changing axillary lump in a pregnant woman. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 276(4):379-82, 2007
                                          14. Kim MJ et al: Galactoceles mimicking suspicious solid masses on sonography. J Ultrasound Med. 25(2):145-51, 2006
                                          15. Acartürk S et al: An uncommon complication of secondary augmentation mammoplasty: bilaterally massive engorgement of breasts after pregnancy attributable to postinfection and blockage of mammary ducts. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 29(4):274-9; discussion 280, 2005
                                          16. Ghosh K et al: Infected galactocele: a perplexing problem. Breast J. 10(2):159, 2004
                                          17. Welch ST et al: Sonography of pediatric male breast masses: gynecomastia and beyond. Pediatr Radiol. 34(12):952-7, 2004
                                          18. Park KY et al: Steatocystoma multiplex: mammographic and sonographic manifestations. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 180(1):271-4, 2003
                                          19. Sawhney S et al: Sonographic appearances of galactoceles. J Clin Ultrasound. 30(1):18-22, 2002
                                          20. Gómez A et al: Galactocele: three distinctive radiographic appearances. Radiology. 158(1):43-4, 1986
                                          Related Anatomy
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                                          Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                          References
                                          Tables

                                          Tables

                                          KEY FACTS

                                          • Terminology

                                            • Imaging

                                              • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                • Pathology

                                                  • Clinical Issues

                                                    TERMINOLOGY

                                                    • Synonyms

                                                      • Lactocele
                                                    • Definitions

                                                      • Retention cyst containing milk from occluded lactiferous duct secondary to duct obstruction, usually during or shortly after cessation of lactation

                                                    IMAGING

                                                    • General Features

                                                      • Mammographic Findings

                                                        • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                          • Image-Guided Biopsy

                                                            • Imaging Recommendations

                                                              DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                PATHOLOGY

                                                                • General Features

                                                                  • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                    • Microscopic Features

                                                                      CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                      • Presentation

                                                                        • Demographics

                                                                          • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                            • Treatment

                                                                              DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                              • Consider

                                                                                • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                                  Selected References

                                                                                  1. Journo G et al: Hyperechoic breast images: all that glitters is not gold! Insights Imaging. 9(2):199-209, 2018
                                                                                  2. Farrokh D et al: Galactocele in the axillary accessory breast mimicking suspicious solid mass on ultrasound. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2017:4807013, 2017
                                                                                  3. Parker S et al: Spectrum of pregnancy- and lactation-related benign breast findings. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 46(6):432-440, 2017
                                                                                  4. Langer A et al: Breast lumps in pregnant women. Diagn Interv Imaging. 96(10):1077-87, 2015
                                                                                  5. Tirada N et al: Imaging pregnant and lactating patients. Radiographics. 35(6):1751-65, 2015
                                                                                  6. Freer PE et al: Digital breast tomosynthesis in the analysis of fat-containing lesions. Radiographics. 34(2):343-58, 2014
                                                                                  7. Ayyappan AP et al: Imaging of fat-containing lesions of the breast: a pictorial essay. J Clin Ultrasound. 41(7):424-33, 2013
                                                                                  8. Kaneda HJ et al: Pediatric and adolescent breast masses: a review of pathophysiology, imaging, diagnosis, and treatment. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 200(2):W204-12, 2013
                                                                                  9. Vashi R et al: Breast imaging of the pregnant and lactating patient: physiologic changes and common benign entities. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 200(2):329-36, 2013
                                                                                  10. Perez-Bóscollo AC et al: Galactocele: an unusual cause of breast enlargement in children. J Pediatr Surg. 44(7):e1-3, 2009
                                                                                  11. Lin WC et al: A late complication of augmentation mammoplasty by polyacrylamide hydrogel injection: ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings of huge galactocele formation in a puerperal woman with pathological correlation. Breast J. 14(6):584-7, 2008
                                                                                  12. Sabate JM et al: Radiologic evaluation of breast disorders related to pregnancy and lactation. Radiographics. 27 Suppl 1:S101-24, 2007
                                                                                  13. Whang IY et al: Galactocele as a changing axillary lump in a pregnant woman. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 276(4):379-82, 2007
                                                                                  14. Kim MJ et al: Galactoceles mimicking suspicious solid masses on sonography. J Ultrasound Med. 25(2):145-51, 2006
                                                                                  15. Acartürk S et al: An uncommon complication of secondary augmentation mammoplasty: bilaterally massive engorgement of breasts after pregnancy attributable to postinfection and blockage of mammary ducts. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 29(4):274-9; discussion 280, 2005
                                                                                  16. Ghosh K et al: Infected galactocele: a perplexing problem. Breast J. 10(2):159, 2004
                                                                                  17. Welch ST et al: Sonography of pediatric male breast masses: gynecomastia and beyond. Pediatr Radiol. 34(12):952-7, 2004
                                                                                  18. Park KY et al: Steatocystoma multiplex: mammographic and sonographic manifestations. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 180(1):271-4, 2003
                                                                                  19. Sawhney S et al: Sonographic appearances of galactoceles. J Clin Ultrasound. 30(1):18-22, 2002
                                                                                  20. Gómez A et al: Galactocele: three distinctive radiographic appearances. Radiology. 158(1):43-4, 1986