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Spine
Diagnosis
Neoplasms, Cysts, and Other Masses
Neoplasms
Intramedullary
Ganglioglioma
Ganglioglioma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          • Clinical Issues

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Abbreviations

              • Ganglioglioma (GG)

            • Synonyms

              • Gangliocytoma, ganglioneuroma, neuroastrocytoma

            • Definitions

              • Well-differentiated, slowly growing neuroepithelial tumor composed of neoplastic, mature ganglion cells in combination with neoplastic glial cells

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • Imaging Recommendations

                • CT Findings

                  • MR Findings

                    DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                      PATHOLOGY

                      • General Features

                        • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                          • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                            • Microscopic Features

                              CLINICAL ISSUES

                              • Presentation

                                • Demographics

                                  • Natural History & Prognosis

                                    • Treatment

                                      DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                      • Consider

                                        Selected References

                                        1. Deora H et al: Spinal intramedullary ganglioglioma in children: an unusual location of a common pediatric tumor. Pediatr Neurosurg. 54(4):245-52, 2019
                                        2. Yang C et al: Intramedullary gangliogliomas: clinical features, surgical outcomes, and neuropathic scoliosis. J Neurooncol. 116(1):135-43, 2014
                                        3. Karremann M et al: Anaplastic ganglioglioma in children. J Neurooncol. 92(2):157-63, 2009
                                        4. Lotfinia I et al: 'Intramedullary cervical spinal cord ganglioglioma, review of the literature and therapeutic controversies'. Spinal Cord. 47(1):87-90, 2009
                                        5. Nelson RA et al: Floating-Harbor syndrome and intramedullary spinal cord ganglioglioma: case report and observations from the literature. Am J Med Genet A. 149A(10):2265-9, 2009
                                        6. McGirt MJ et al: Neurological outcome after resection of intramedullary spinal cord tumors in children. Childs Nerv Syst. 24(1):93-7, 2008
                                        7. Tobias ME et al: Surgical management of long intramedullary spinal cord tumors. Childs Nerv Syst. 24(2):219-23, 2008
                                        8. Amini A et al: Malignant transformation of conus medullaris ganglioglioma: case report. J Neurooncol. 82(3):313-5, 2007
                                        9. Becker AJ et al: Ganglioglioma and gangliocytoma. In WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Louis D et al. Geneva: WHO Press, 2007
                                        10. Chrétien F et al: A 42-year-old man with a densely vascular spinal mass. Brain Pathol. 17(1):119-21, 2007
                                        11. Shamim EA et al: Intramedullary spinal tumor causing "belly dancer syndrome". Mov Disord. 22(11):1673-4, 2007
                                        12. Costa J et al: Ganglioglioma of conus medullaris. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 148(9):977-80, 2006
                                        13. Karabekir HS et al: Primary spinal anaplastic ganglioglioma. Pediatr Neurosurg. 42(6):374-8, 2006
                                        14. Aslanabadi S et al: Intramedullary spinal cord ganglioglioma presenting with abnormal abdominal wall movement. Case report. Neurosurg Focus. 17(4):ECP2, 2004
                                        15. Blümcke I et al: Gangliogliomas: an intriguing tumor entity associated with focal epilepsies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 61(7):575-84, 2002
                                        16. Sawin PD et al: Spinal cord ganglioglioma in a child with neurofibromatosis type 2. Case report and literature review. J Neurosurg. 90(2 Suppl):231-3, 1999
                                        17. Patel U et al: MR of spinal cord ganglioglioma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 19(5):879-87, 1998
                                        18. Wacker MR et al: Diffuse leptomeningeal involvement by a ganglioglioma in a child. Case report. J Neurosurg. 77(2):302-6, 1992
                                        19. Cheung YK et al: MRI features of spinal ganglioglioma. Clin Imaging. 15(2):109-12, 1991
                                        20. Kamikaseda K et al: Intramedullary ganglioglioma of spinal cord--case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 29(9):838-41, 1989
                                        Related Anatomy
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                                        Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                        References
                                        Tables

                                        Tables

                                        KEY FACTS

                                        • Terminology

                                          • Imaging

                                            • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                              • Pathology

                                                • Clinical Issues

                                                  TERMINOLOGY

                                                  • Abbreviations

                                                    • Ganglioglioma (GG)

                                                  • Synonyms

                                                    • Gangliocytoma, ganglioneuroma, neuroastrocytoma

                                                  • Definitions

                                                    • Well-differentiated, slowly growing neuroepithelial tumor composed of neoplastic, mature ganglion cells in combination with neoplastic glial cells

                                                  IMAGING

                                                  • General Features

                                                    • Imaging Recommendations

                                                      • CT Findings

                                                        • MR Findings

                                                          DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                            PATHOLOGY

                                                            • General Features

                                                              • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                                                • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                  • Microscopic Features

                                                                    CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                    • Presentation

                                                                      • Demographics

                                                                        • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                          • Treatment

                                                                            DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                            • Consider

                                                                              Selected References

                                                                              1. Deora H et al: Spinal intramedullary ganglioglioma in children: an unusual location of a common pediatric tumor. Pediatr Neurosurg. 54(4):245-52, 2019
                                                                              2. Yang C et al: Intramedullary gangliogliomas: clinical features, surgical outcomes, and neuropathic scoliosis. J Neurooncol. 116(1):135-43, 2014
                                                                              3. Karremann M et al: Anaplastic ganglioglioma in children. J Neurooncol. 92(2):157-63, 2009
                                                                              4. Lotfinia I et al: 'Intramedullary cervical spinal cord ganglioglioma, review of the literature and therapeutic controversies'. Spinal Cord. 47(1):87-90, 2009
                                                                              5. Nelson RA et al: Floating-Harbor syndrome and intramedullary spinal cord ganglioglioma: case report and observations from the literature. Am J Med Genet A. 149A(10):2265-9, 2009
                                                                              6. McGirt MJ et al: Neurological outcome after resection of intramedullary spinal cord tumors in children. Childs Nerv Syst. 24(1):93-7, 2008
                                                                              7. Tobias ME et al: Surgical management of long intramedullary spinal cord tumors. Childs Nerv Syst. 24(2):219-23, 2008
                                                                              8. Amini A et al: Malignant transformation of conus medullaris ganglioglioma: case report. J Neurooncol. 82(3):313-5, 2007
                                                                              9. Becker AJ et al: Ganglioglioma and gangliocytoma. In WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Louis D et al. Geneva: WHO Press, 2007
                                                                              10. Chrétien F et al: A 42-year-old man with a densely vascular spinal mass. Brain Pathol. 17(1):119-21, 2007
                                                                              11. Shamim EA et al: Intramedullary spinal tumor causing "belly dancer syndrome". Mov Disord. 22(11):1673-4, 2007
                                                                              12. Costa J et al: Ganglioglioma of conus medullaris. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 148(9):977-80, 2006
                                                                              13. Karabekir HS et al: Primary spinal anaplastic ganglioglioma. Pediatr Neurosurg. 42(6):374-8, 2006
                                                                              14. Aslanabadi S et al: Intramedullary spinal cord ganglioglioma presenting with abnormal abdominal wall movement. Case report. Neurosurg Focus. 17(4):ECP2, 2004
                                                                              15. Blümcke I et al: Gangliogliomas: an intriguing tumor entity associated with focal epilepsies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 61(7):575-84, 2002
                                                                              16. Sawin PD et al: Spinal cord ganglioglioma in a child with neurofibromatosis type 2. Case report and literature review. J Neurosurg. 90(2 Suppl):231-3, 1999
                                                                              17. Patel U et al: MR of spinal cord ganglioglioma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 19(5):879-87, 1998
                                                                              18. Wacker MR et al: Diffuse leptomeningeal involvement by a ganglioglioma in a child. Case report. J Neurosurg. 77(2):302-6, 1992
                                                                              19. Cheung YK et al: MRI features of spinal ganglioglioma. Clin Imaging. 15(2):109-12, 1991
                                                                              20. Kamikaseda K et al: Intramedullary ganglioglioma of spinal cord--case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 29(9):838-41, 1989