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Pediatrics
Diagnosis
Chest
Mediastinal Masses
Germ Cell Tumors
Germ Cell Tumors
Alexander J. Towbin, MD
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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Germ cell tumor (GCT)
Synonyms
Teratoma, seminoma, nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT)
Definitions
Tumor derived from primordial germ cells
Teratoma: 3 major types
Mature teratoma: Characterized by mixture of adult-type tissues derived from 3 germinal layers
Immature teratoma: Contains embryonic or fetal tissue, often neuroepithelial structures
Malignant teratoma: Contains foci of malignant transformation
Malignant GCT: Seminoma & NSGCT
Seminoma: Germinoma & dysgerminoma
NSGCT: Embryonal cell, yolk sac tumor (YST), choriocarcinoma, & mixed GCT
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Olson TA et al: Pediatric and adolescent extracranial germ cell tumors: the road to collaboration. J Clin Oncol. 33(27):3018-28, 2015
Peterson CM et al: Teratomas: a multimodality review. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 41(6):210-9, 2012
Petroze R et al: Pediatric chest II: Benign tumors and cysts. Surg Clin North Am. 92(3):645-58, ix, 2012
Horton Z et al: Pediatric germ cell tumors. Surg Oncol. 16(3):205-13, 2007
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Germ cell tumor (GCT)
Synonyms
Teratoma, seminoma, nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT)
Definitions
Tumor derived from primordial germ cells
Teratoma: 3 major types
Mature teratoma: Characterized by mixture of adult-type tissues derived from 3 germinal layers
Immature teratoma: Contains embryonic or fetal tissue, often neuroepithelial structures
Malignant teratoma: Contains foci of malignant transformation
Malignant GCT: Seminoma & NSGCT
Seminoma: Germinoma & dysgerminoma
NSGCT: Embryonal cell, yolk sac tumor (YST), choriocarcinoma, & mixed GCT
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Olson TA et al: Pediatric and adolescent extracranial germ cell tumors: the road to collaboration. J Clin Oncol. 33(27):3018-28, 2015
Peterson CM et al: Teratomas: a multimodality review. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 41(6):210-9, 2012
Petroze R et al: Pediatric chest II: Benign tumors and cysts. Surg Clin North Am. 92(3):645-58, ix, 2012
Horton Z et al: Pediatric germ cell tumors. Surg Oncol. 16(3):205-13, 2007
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