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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Teratoma, seminoma, nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT)
Definitions
- Germ cell tumor (GCT): Tumor derived from primordial germ cells
- Teratoma: 3 major types
- Mature teratoma: Characterized by mixture of adult-type tissues derived from 3 germinal layers
- Immature teratoma: Contains embryonic or fetal tissue, often neuroepithelial structures
- Malignant teratoma: Contains foci of malignant transformation
- Malignant GCT: Seminoma & NSGCT
- Seminoma: Germinoma & dysgerminoma
- NSGCT: Embryonal cell, yolk sac tumor (YST), choriocarcinoma, & mixed GCT
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Biko DM et al: Mediastinal masses in children: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 41(4):E1186-207, 2021
- Gupta K et al: Synchronous solitary calvarial yolk sac tumor metastasis as the initial presentation of mediastinal germ cell tumor. Childs Nerv Syst. 34(2):363-6, 2018
- Kawaguchi Y et al: Prediction of respiratory collapse among pediatric patients with mediastinal tumors during induction of general anesthesia. J Pediatr Surg. 53(7):1365-8, 2018
- Grabski DF et al: Long-term outcomes of pediatric and adolescent mediastinal germ cell tumors: a single pediatric oncology institutional experience. Pediatr Surg Int. 33(2):235-44, 2017
- Sudour-Bonnange H et al: Primary mediastinal and retroperitoneal malignant germ cell tumors in children and adolescents: results of the TGM95 trial, a study of the French Society of Pediatric Oncology (Société Française des Cancers de l'Enfant). Pediatr Blood Cancer. 64(9), 2017
- Dechaphunkul A et al: Clinical Characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with primary mediastinal germ cell tumors: 10-years' experience at a single institution with a bleomycin-containing regimen. Oncol Res Treat. 39(11):688-94, 2016
- Olson TA et al: Pediatric and adolescent extracranial germ cell tumors: the road to collaboration. J Clin Oncol. 33(27):3018-28, 2015
- Peterson CM et al: Teratomas: a multimodality review. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 41(6):210-9, 2012
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Teratoma, seminoma, nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT)
Definitions
- Germ cell tumor (GCT): Tumor derived from primordial germ cells
- Teratoma: 3 major types
- Mature teratoma: Characterized by mixture of adult-type tissues derived from 3 germinal layers
- Immature teratoma: Contains embryonic or fetal tissue, often neuroepithelial structures
- Malignant teratoma: Contains foci of malignant transformation
- Malignant GCT: Seminoma & NSGCT
- Seminoma: Germinoma & dysgerminoma
- NSGCT: Embryonal cell, yolk sac tumor (YST), choriocarcinoma, & mixed GCT
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Biko DM et al: Mediastinal masses in children: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 41(4):E1186-207, 2021
- Gupta K et al: Synchronous solitary calvarial yolk sac tumor metastasis as the initial presentation of mediastinal germ cell tumor. Childs Nerv Syst. 34(2):363-6, 2018
- Kawaguchi Y et al: Prediction of respiratory collapse among pediatric patients with mediastinal tumors during induction of general anesthesia. J Pediatr Surg. 53(7):1365-8, 2018
- Grabski DF et al: Long-term outcomes of pediatric and adolescent mediastinal germ cell tumors: a single pediatric oncology institutional experience. Pediatr Surg Int. 33(2):235-44, 2017
- Sudour-Bonnange H et al: Primary mediastinal and retroperitoneal malignant germ cell tumors in children and adolescents: results of the TGM95 trial, a study of the French Society of Pediatric Oncology (Société Française des Cancers de l'Enfant). Pediatr Blood Cancer. 64(9), 2017
- Dechaphunkul A et al: Clinical Characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with primary mediastinal germ cell tumors: 10-years' experience at a single institution with a bleomycin-containing regimen. Oncol Res Treat. 39(11):688-94, 2016
- Olson TA et al: Pediatric and adolescent extracranial germ cell tumors: the road to collaboration. J Clin Oncol. 33(27):3018-28, 2015
- Peterson CM et al: Teratomas: a multimodality review. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 41(6):210-9, 2012
