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KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD)
- β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG)
Synonyms
- Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm
- Molar pregnancy
Definitions
- Abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic tissue
- GTD subtypes
- Hydatidiform moles
- Partial hydatidiform mole (triploidy)
- Complete hydatidiform mole (CHM)
- Malignant GTD
- Invasive mole (chorioadenoma destruens)
- Choriocarcinoma
- Placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT)
- Hydatidiform moles
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Wang PS et al: Ultrasound of the first trimester. Radiol Clin North Am. 57(3):617-33, 2019
- Shaaban AM et al: Gestational trophoblastic disease: clinical and imaging features. Radiographics. 37(2):681-700, 2017
- Lane BF et al: ACR Appropriateness Criteria® first trimester bleeding. Ultrasound Q. 29(2):91-6, 2013
- Kohorn EI: Imaging practices in the diagnosis and management of gestational trophoblastic disease: an assessment. J Reprod Med. 57(5-6):207-10, 2012
- Emoto M et al: Clinical usefulness of contrast-enhanced color Doppler ultrasonography in invasive and noninvasive gestational trophoblastic diseases: a preliminary study. J Reprod Med. 56(5-6):224-34, 2011
- Lurain JR: Gestational trophoblastic disease I: epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease, and management of hydatidiform mole. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 203(6):531-9, 2010
- Alhamdan D et al: Recognising gestational trophoblastic disease. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 23(4):565-73, 2009
- Betel C et al: Sonographic diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease and comparison with retained products of conception. J Ultrasound Med. 25(8):985-93, 2006
- Kaiser-Rogers KA et al: Androgenetic/biparental mosaicism causes placental mesenchymal dysplasia. J Med Genet. 43(2):187-92, 2006
- Brandt KR et al: MR appearance of placental site trophoblastic tumor: a report of three cases. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(2):485-7, 1998
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD)
- β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG)
Synonyms
- Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm
- Molar pregnancy
Definitions
- Abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic tissue
- GTD subtypes
- Hydatidiform moles
- Partial hydatidiform mole (triploidy)
- Complete hydatidiform mole (CHM)
- Malignant GTD
- Invasive mole (chorioadenoma destruens)
- Choriocarcinoma
- Placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT)
- Hydatidiform moles
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Wang PS et al: Ultrasound of the first trimester. Radiol Clin North Am. 57(3):617-33, 2019
- Shaaban AM et al: Gestational trophoblastic disease: clinical and imaging features. Radiographics. 37(2):681-700, 2017
- Lane BF et al: ACR Appropriateness Criteria® first trimester bleeding. Ultrasound Q. 29(2):91-6, 2013
- Kohorn EI: Imaging practices in the diagnosis and management of gestational trophoblastic disease: an assessment. J Reprod Med. 57(5-6):207-10, 2012
- Emoto M et al: Clinical usefulness of contrast-enhanced color Doppler ultrasonography in invasive and noninvasive gestational trophoblastic diseases: a preliminary study. J Reprod Med. 56(5-6):224-34, 2011
- Lurain JR: Gestational trophoblastic disease I: epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease, and management of hydatidiform mole. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 203(6):531-9, 2010
- Alhamdan D et al: Recognising gestational trophoblastic disease. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 23(4):565-73, 2009
- Betel C et al: Sonographic diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease and comparison with retained products of conception. J Ultrasound Med. 25(8):985-93, 2006
- Kaiser-Rogers KA et al: Androgenetic/biparental mosaicism causes placental mesenchymal dysplasia. J Med Genet. 43(2):187-92, 2006
- Brandt KR et al: MR appearance of placental site trophoblastic tumor: a report of three cases. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(2):485-7, 1998
