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Giant Cell Arteritis
Santiago Martínez-Jiménez, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Clinical Issues

          TERMINOLOGY

          • Abbreviations

            • Giant cell arteritis (GCA)
          • Synonyms

            • Temporal arteritis
              • No longer recommended term because sparing of temporal artery is not uncommon
            • Horton disease
          • Definitions

            • Chronic, systemic, large or medium-sized, often granulomatous vasculitis
              • Often involves thoracic aorta and major branches
              • Often involves temporal artery
              • Frequently associated with polymyalgia rheumatica
                • Aching and morning stiffness in the shoulders, hip girdle, and neck

          IMAGING

          • General Features

            • CT Findings

              • MR Findings

                • Ultrasonographic Findings

                  • Angiographic Findings

                    • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                      • Imaging Recommendations

                        DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                          PATHOLOGY

                          • General Features

                            • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                              • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                • Microscopic Features

                                  CLINICAL ISSUES

                                  • Presentation

                                    • Demographics

                                      • Natural History & Prognosis

                                        • Treatment

                                          DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                          • Consider

                                            Selected References

                                            1. Jennette JC et al: 2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum. 65(1):1-11, 2013
                                            2. Blockmans D: Diagnosis and extension of giant cell arteritis. Contribution of imaging techniques. Presse Med. 41(10):948-54, 2012
                                            3. Castañer E et al: Imaging findings in pulmonary vasculitis. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 33(6):567-79, 2012
                                            4. Bossert M et al: Aortic involvement in giant cell arteritis: current data. Joint Bone Spine. 78(3):246-51, 2011
                                            5. Falardeau J: Giant cell arteritis. Neurol Clin. 28(3):581-91, 2010
                                            6. Bley TA et al: Diagnostic value of high-resolution MR imaging in giant cell arteritis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 28(9):1722-7, 2007
                                            Related Anatomy
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                                            Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                            References
                                            Tables

                                            Tables

                                            KEY FACTS

                                            • Terminology

                                              • Imaging

                                                • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                  • Clinical Issues

                                                    TERMINOLOGY

                                                    • Abbreviations

                                                      • Giant cell arteritis (GCA)
                                                    • Synonyms

                                                      • Temporal arteritis
                                                        • No longer recommended term because sparing of temporal artery is not uncommon
                                                      • Horton disease
                                                    • Definitions

                                                      • Chronic, systemic, large or medium-sized, often granulomatous vasculitis
                                                        • Often involves thoracic aorta and major branches
                                                        • Often involves temporal artery
                                                        • Frequently associated with polymyalgia rheumatica
                                                          • Aching and morning stiffness in the shoulders, hip girdle, and neck

                                                    IMAGING

                                                    • General Features

                                                      • CT Findings

                                                        • MR Findings

                                                          • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                            • Angiographic Findings

                                                              • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                                                                • Imaging Recommendations

                                                                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                    PATHOLOGY

                                                                    • General Features

                                                                      • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                                                        • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                          • Microscopic Features

                                                                            CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                            • Presentation

                                                                              • Demographics

                                                                                • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                                  • Treatment

                                                                                    DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                                    • Consider

                                                                                      Selected References

                                                                                      1. Jennette JC et al: 2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum. 65(1):1-11, 2013
                                                                                      2. Blockmans D: Diagnosis and extension of giant cell arteritis. Contribution of imaging techniques. Presse Med. 41(10):948-54, 2012
                                                                                      3. Castañer E et al: Imaging findings in pulmonary vasculitis. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 33(6):567-79, 2012
                                                                                      4. Bossert M et al: Aortic involvement in giant cell arteritis: current data. Joint Bone Spine. 78(3):246-51, 2011
                                                                                      5. Falardeau J: Giant cell arteritis. Neurol Clin. 28(3):581-91, 2010
                                                                                      6. Bley TA et al: Diagnostic value of high-resolution MR imaging in giant cell arteritis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 28(9):1722-7, 2007