Atlantoaxial rotary subluxation accompanying respiratory infection or otolaryngolic surgery
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Anania P et al: Grisel syndrome in pediatric age: a single-center italian experience and review of the literature. World Neurosurg. 125:374-82, 2019
Kerolus M et al: Atlantoaxial instability of inflammatory origin in adults: case reports, literature review and rationale for early surgical intervention. Neurosurgery. 76(2): E226-32, 2014
Kim SY et al: Atlantoaxial rotary subluxation after tympanoplasty. Otol Neurotol. 32(7):1108-10, 2011
Ortega-Evangelio G et al: Eponym : Grisel syndrome. Eur J Pediatr. 170(8):965-8, 2011
Harma A et al: Grisel syndrome: nontraumatic atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation. J Craniofac Surg. 19(4):1119-21, 2008
Battiata AP et al: Grisel's syndrome: the two-hit hypothesis--a case report and literature review. Ear Nose Throat J. 83(8):553-5, 2004
Harth M et al: Lateral torticollis on plain radiographs and MRI: Grisel syndrome. Eur Radiol. 14(9):1713-5, 2004
Ugur HC et al: Infection-related atlantoaxial subluxation in two adults: Grisel syndrome or not? Acta Neurochir (Wien). 145(1):69-72, 2003
Holcomb JD et al: Nontraumatic atlantoaxial rotary subluxation in the pediatric otolaryngology patient. A report of four cases. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 110(12):1137-40, 2001
Martinez-Lage JF et al: Atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation in children: early management. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 143(12):1223-8, 2001
Muñiz AE et al: Atlantoaxial rotary subluxation in children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 15(1):25-9, 1999
Dickman CA et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of the transverse atlantal ligament for the evaluation of atlantoaxial instability. J Neurosurg. 75(2):221-7, 1991
Kowalski HM et al: Pitfalls in the CT diagnosis of atlantoaxial rotary subluxation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 149(3):595-600, 1987
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Nontraumatic atlantoaxial subluxation
Atlantoaxial rotary fixation/subluxation
Definitions
Atlantoaxial rotary subluxation accompanying respiratory infection or otolaryngolic surgery
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Anania P et al: Grisel syndrome in pediatric age: a single-center italian experience and review of the literature. World Neurosurg. 125:374-82, 2019
Kerolus M et al: Atlantoaxial instability of inflammatory origin in adults: case reports, literature review and rationale for early surgical intervention. Neurosurgery. 76(2): E226-32, 2014
Kim SY et al: Atlantoaxial rotary subluxation after tympanoplasty. Otol Neurotol. 32(7):1108-10, 2011
Ortega-Evangelio G et al: Eponym : Grisel syndrome. Eur J Pediatr. 170(8):965-8, 2011
Harma A et al: Grisel syndrome: nontraumatic atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation. J Craniofac Surg. 19(4):1119-21, 2008
Battiata AP et al: Grisel's syndrome: the two-hit hypothesis--a case report and literature review. Ear Nose Throat J. 83(8):553-5, 2004
Harth M et al: Lateral torticollis on plain radiographs and MRI: Grisel syndrome. Eur Radiol. 14(9):1713-5, 2004
Ugur HC et al: Infection-related atlantoaxial subluxation in two adults: Grisel syndrome or not? Acta Neurochir (Wien). 145(1):69-72, 2003
Holcomb JD et al: Nontraumatic atlantoaxial rotary subluxation in the pediatric otolaryngology patient. A report of four cases. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 110(12):1137-40, 2001
Martinez-Lage JF et al: Atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation in children: early management. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 143(12):1223-8, 2001
Muñiz AE et al: Atlantoaxial rotary subluxation in children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 15(1):25-9, 1999
Dickman CA et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of the transverse atlantal ligament for the evaluation of atlantoaxial instability. J Neurosurg. 75(2):221-7, 1991
Kowalski HM et al: Pitfalls in the CT diagnosis of atlantoaxial rotary subluxation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 149(3):595-600, 1987
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