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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Nonneoplastic enlargement of male breast, secondary to ductal hyperplasia and stromal proliferation
IMAGING
General Features
Mammographic Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Image-Guided Biopsy
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Barone M et al: Treatment of severe gynecomastia after massive weight loss: analysis of long-term outcomes measured with the Italian version of the BODY-Q. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 42(6):1506-18, 2018
Chesebro AL et al: Male breast disease: what the radiologist needs to know. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. ePub, 2018
Expert Panel on Breast Imaging:. et al: ACR Appropriateness Criteria® evaluation of the symptomatic male breast. J Am Coll Radiol. 15(11S):S313-S320, 2018
Fentiman IS: Managing male mammary maladies. Eur J Breast Health. 14(1):5-9, 2018
Nuzzi LC et al: The effect of surgical treatment for gynecomastia on quality of life in adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 63(6):759-65, 2018
Foo ET et al: Value of diagnostic imaging for the symptomatic male breast: can we avoid unnecessary biopsies? Clin Imaging. 45:86-91, 2017
Guss CE et al: Adolescent gynecomastia. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 14(4):371-7, 2017
Leung AK et al: Gynecomastia in infants, children, and adolescents. Recent Pat Endocr Metab Immune Drug Discov. 10(2):127-37, 2017
Sansone A et al: Gynecomastia and hormones. Endocrine. 55(1):37-44, 2017
Soliman AT et al: Management of adolescent gynecomastia: an update. Acta Biomed. 88(2):204-13, 2017
Chau A et al: Male breast: clinical and imaging evaluations of benign and malignant entities with histologic correlation. Am J Med. 129(8):776-91, 2016
Lapid O et al: Overuse of imaging the male breast-findings in 557 patients. Breast J. 21(3):219-23, 2015
Lattin GE Jr et al: From the radiologic pathology archives: diseases of the male breast: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 33(2):461-89, 2013
Doyle S et al: Imaging male breast cancer. Clin Radiol. 66(11):1079-85, 2011
Ikard RW et al: Management of senescent gynecomastia in the Veterans Health Administration. Breast J. 17(2):160-6, 2011
Iuanow E et al: Spectrum of disease in the male breast. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 196(3):W247-59, 2011
Adibelli ZH et al: Imaging characteristics of male breast disease. Breast J. 16(5):510-8, 2010
Dialani V et al: Sonographic features of gynecomastia. J Ultrasound Med. 29(4):539-47, 2010
Meerkotter D et al: Evaluation of breast masses in male patients. BMJ. 340:c1579, 2010
Muñoz Carrasco R et al: Mammography and ultrasound in the evaluation of male breast disease. Eur Radiol. 20(12):2797-805, 2010
Wise GJ et al: Male breast disease. J Am Coll Surg. 200(2):255-69, 2005
Bembo SA et al: Gynecomastia: its features, and when and how to treat it. Cleve Clin J Med. 71(6):511-7, 2004
Evans GF et al: The diagnostic accuracy of mammography in the evaluation of male breast disease. Am J Surg. 181(2):96-100, 2001
Stewart RA et al: Pictorial review: the imaging features of male breast disease. Clin Radiol. 52(10):739-44, 1997
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Nonneoplastic enlargement of male breast, secondary to ductal hyperplasia and stromal proliferation
IMAGING
General Features
Mammographic Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Image-Guided Biopsy
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Barone M et al: Treatment of severe gynecomastia after massive weight loss: analysis of long-term outcomes measured with the Italian version of the BODY-Q. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 42(6):1506-18, 2018
Chesebro AL et al: Male breast disease: what the radiologist needs to know. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. ePub, 2018
Expert Panel on Breast Imaging:. et al: ACR Appropriateness Criteria® evaluation of the symptomatic male breast. J Am Coll Radiol. 15(11S):S313-S320, 2018
Fentiman IS: Managing male mammary maladies. Eur J Breast Health. 14(1):5-9, 2018
Nuzzi LC et al: The effect of surgical treatment for gynecomastia on quality of life in adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 63(6):759-65, 2018
Foo ET et al: Value of diagnostic imaging for the symptomatic male breast: can we avoid unnecessary biopsies? Clin Imaging. 45:86-91, 2017
Guss CE et al: Adolescent gynecomastia. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 14(4):371-7, 2017
Leung AK et al: Gynecomastia in infants, children, and adolescents. Recent Pat Endocr Metab Immune Drug Discov. 10(2):127-37, 2017
Sansone A et al: Gynecomastia and hormones. Endocrine. 55(1):37-44, 2017
Soliman AT et al: Management of adolescent gynecomastia: an update. Acta Biomed. 88(2):204-13, 2017
Chau A et al: Male breast: clinical and imaging evaluations of benign and malignant entities with histologic correlation. Am J Med. 129(8):776-91, 2016
Lapid O et al: Overuse of imaging the male breast-findings in 557 patients. Breast J. 21(3):219-23, 2015
Lattin GE Jr et al: From the radiologic pathology archives: diseases of the male breast: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 33(2):461-89, 2013
Doyle S et al: Imaging male breast cancer. Clin Radiol. 66(11):1079-85, 2011
Ikard RW et al: Management of senescent gynecomastia in the Veterans Health Administration. Breast J. 17(2):160-6, 2011
Iuanow E et al: Spectrum of disease in the male breast. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 196(3):W247-59, 2011
Adibelli ZH et al: Imaging characteristics of male breast disease. Breast J. 16(5):510-8, 2010
Dialani V et al: Sonographic features of gynecomastia. J Ultrasound Med. 29(4):539-47, 2010
Meerkotter D et al: Evaluation of breast masses in male patients. BMJ. 340:c1579, 2010
Muñoz Carrasco R et al: Mammography and ultrasound in the evaluation of male breast disease. Eur Radiol. 20(12):2797-805, 2010
Wise GJ et al: Male breast disease. J Am Coll Surg. 200(2):255-69, 2005
Bembo SA et al: Gynecomastia: its features, and when and how to treat it. Cleve Clin J Med. 71(6):511-7, 2004
Evans GF et al: The diagnostic accuracy of mammography in the evaluation of male breast disease. Am J Surg. 181(2):96-100, 2001
Stewart RA et al: Pictorial review: the imaging features of male breast disease. Clin Radiol. 52(10):739-44, 1997
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