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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Hard palate squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa)
Definitions
- Oral cavity malignancy arising from mucosa overlying hard palate
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Arain AA et al: Occult nodal metastasis in oral cavity cancers. Cureus. 12(11):e11640, 2020
- Hakim SG et al: Clinical course and survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary alveolus and hard palate: Results from a single-center prospective cohort. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 48(1):111-6, 2020
- Kim HY et al: Clinical difference between benign and malignant tumors of the hard palate. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 277(3):903-7, 2020
- Locatello LG et al: A critical evaluation of computed tomography-derived depth of invasion in the preoperative assessment of oral cancer staging. Oral Oncol. 107:104749, 2020
- Liao CT et al: Tumor depth of invasion (tumor>4 cm/depth>10 mm and depth>20 mm) and through cortex/skin invasion are both valid criteria for classifying tumors as pT4a in AJCC 2018 oral cavity cancer staging system. Ann Surg Oncol. 26(11):3663-72, 2019
- Gill A et al: AHNS Series: Do you know your guidelines? Evidence-based management of oral cavity cancers. Head Neck. 40(2):406-16, 2018
- Amin MB et al: American Joint Committee on Cancer: AJCC Staging Manual. 8th ed. Springer, 2017
- Deneuve S et al: Can early dissection of cervical lymph nodes improve prognosis in squamous cell carcinomas of the hard palate. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 79(6):314-22, 2017
- von Stempel C et al: Imaging of palatal lumps. Clin Radiol. 72(2):97-107, 2017
- Koshkareva Y et al: Cervical metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the hard palate and maxillary alveolus. Ear Nose Throat J. 95(10-11):E6-11, 2016
- Zhang WB et al: Cervical metastases of oral maxillary squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Head Neck. 38 Suppl 1:E2335-42, 2016
- Givi B et al: Impact of elective neck dissection on the outcome of oral squamous cell carcinomas arising in the maxillary alveolus and hard palate. Head Neck. 38 Suppl 1:E1688-94, 2016
- Yang X et al: Clinicopathological characteristics and outcome predictors in squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary gingiva and hard palate. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 73(7):1429-36, 2015
- Arya S et al: Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: role of pretreatment imaging and its influence on management. Clin Radiol. 69(9):916-30, 2014
- Aydil U et al: Neoplasms of the hard palate. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 72(3):619-26, 2014
- Kato H et al: CT and MR imaging findings of palatal tumors. Eur J Radiol. 83(3):e137-46, 2014
- Brown JS et al: Management of the neck and regional recurrence in squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary alveolus and hard palate compared with other sites in the oral cavity. Head Neck. 35(2):265-9, 2012
- Eskander A et al: Outcome predictors in squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary alveolus and hard palate. Laryngoscope. 123(10):2453-8, 2013
- Li Q et al: Survival impact of cervical metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of hard palate. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 116(1):23-7, 2013
- Meng FY et al: The determining risk factors for treatment outcomes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hard palate. Ann Surg Oncol. 19(6):2003-10, 2012
- Sun J et al: Multifocal cutaneous metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of hard palate. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg.41(7):807-9, 2011
- Bagan J et al: Oral cancer: clinical features. Oral Oncol. 46(6):414-7, 2010
- Jerjes W et al: Clinicopathological parameters, recurrence, locoregional and distant metastasis in 115 T1-T2 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Head Neck Oncol. 2:9, 2010
- Mourouzis C et al: Squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary gingiva, alveolus, and hard palate: is there a need for elective neck dissection? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 48(5):345-8, 2010
- Shrime MG et al: The impact of adjuvant radiotherapy on survival in T1-2N1 squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010 Mar;136(3):225-8. Erratum in: Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 136(5):512, 2010
- Valentini V et al: Management of clinically negative neck in maxillary carcinoma. J Craniofac Surg. 21(3):759-62, 2010
- Viet CT et al: Understanding oral cancer in the genome era. Head Neck. 32(9):1246-68, 2010
- Wang TC et al: Risk factors affect the survival outcome of hard palatal and maxillary alveolus squamous cell carcinoma: 10-year review in a tertiary referral center. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 110(1):11-7, 2010
- Lin HW et al: Survival impact of nodal disease in hard palate and maxillary alveolus cancer. Laryngoscope. 119(2):312-5, 2009
- Montes DM et al: Oral maxillary squamous cell carcinoma: management of the clinically negative neck. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 66(4):762-6, 2008
- Simental AA Jr et al: Cervical metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary alveolus and hard palate. Laryngoscope. 116(9):1682-4, 2006
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Hard palate squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa)
Definitions
- Oral cavity malignancy arising from mucosa overlying hard palate
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Arain AA et al: Occult nodal metastasis in oral cavity cancers. Cureus. 12(11):e11640, 2020
- Hakim SG et al: Clinical course and survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary alveolus and hard palate: Results from a single-center prospective cohort. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 48(1):111-6, 2020
- Kim HY et al: Clinical difference between benign and malignant tumors of the hard palate. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 277(3):903-7, 2020
- Locatello LG et al: A critical evaluation of computed tomography-derived depth of invasion in the preoperative assessment of oral cancer staging. Oral Oncol. 107:104749, 2020
- Liao CT et al: Tumor depth of invasion (tumor>4 cm/depth>10 mm and depth>20 mm) and through cortex/skin invasion are both valid criteria for classifying tumors as pT4a in AJCC 2018 oral cavity cancer staging system. Ann Surg Oncol. 26(11):3663-72, 2019
- Gill A et al: AHNS Series: Do you know your guidelines? Evidence-based management of oral cavity cancers. Head Neck. 40(2):406-16, 2018
- Amin MB et al: American Joint Committee on Cancer: AJCC Staging Manual. 8th ed. Springer, 2017
- Deneuve S et al: Can early dissection of cervical lymph nodes improve prognosis in squamous cell carcinomas of the hard palate. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 79(6):314-22, 2017
- von Stempel C et al: Imaging of palatal lumps. Clin Radiol. 72(2):97-107, 2017
- Koshkareva Y et al: Cervical metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the hard palate and maxillary alveolus. Ear Nose Throat J. 95(10-11):E6-11, 2016
- Zhang WB et al: Cervical metastases of oral maxillary squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Head Neck. 38 Suppl 1:E2335-42, 2016
- Givi B et al: Impact of elective neck dissection on the outcome of oral squamous cell carcinomas arising in the maxillary alveolus and hard palate. Head Neck. 38 Suppl 1:E1688-94, 2016
- Yang X et al: Clinicopathological characteristics and outcome predictors in squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary gingiva and hard palate. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 73(7):1429-36, 2015
- Arya S et al: Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: role of pretreatment imaging and its influence on management. Clin Radiol. 69(9):916-30, 2014
- Aydil U et al: Neoplasms of the hard palate. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 72(3):619-26, 2014
- Kato H et al: CT and MR imaging findings of palatal tumors. Eur J Radiol. 83(3):e137-46, 2014
- Brown JS et al: Management of the neck and regional recurrence in squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary alveolus and hard palate compared with other sites in the oral cavity. Head Neck. 35(2):265-9, 2012
- Eskander A et al: Outcome predictors in squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary alveolus and hard palate. Laryngoscope. 123(10):2453-8, 2013
- Li Q et al: Survival impact of cervical metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of hard palate. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 116(1):23-7, 2013
- Meng FY et al: The determining risk factors for treatment outcomes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hard palate. Ann Surg Oncol. 19(6):2003-10, 2012
- Sun J et al: Multifocal cutaneous metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of hard palate. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg.41(7):807-9, 2011
- Bagan J et al: Oral cancer: clinical features. Oral Oncol. 46(6):414-7, 2010
- Jerjes W et al: Clinicopathological parameters, recurrence, locoregional and distant metastasis in 115 T1-T2 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Head Neck Oncol. 2:9, 2010
- Mourouzis C et al: Squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary gingiva, alveolus, and hard palate: is there a need for elective neck dissection? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 48(5):345-8, 2010
- Shrime MG et al: The impact of adjuvant radiotherapy on survival in T1-2N1 squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010 Mar;136(3):225-8. Erratum in: Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 136(5):512, 2010
- Valentini V et al: Management of clinically negative neck in maxillary carcinoma. J Craniofac Surg. 21(3):759-62, 2010
- Viet CT et al: Understanding oral cancer in the genome era. Head Neck. 32(9):1246-68, 2010
- Wang TC et al: Risk factors affect the survival outcome of hard palatal and maxillary alveolus squamous cell carcinoma: 10-year review in a tertiary referral center. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 110(1):11-7, 2010
- Lin HW et al: Survival impact of nodal disease in hard palate and maxillary alveolus cancer. Laryngoscope. 119(2):312-5, 2009
- Montes DM et al: Oral maxillary squamous cell carcinoma: management of the clinically negative neck. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 66(4):762-6, 2008
- Simental AA Jr et al: Cervical metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary alveolus and hard palate. Laryngoscope. 116(9):1682-4, 2006
