Oral cavity malignancy arising from mucosa overlying hard palate
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Arain AA et al: Occult nodal metastasis in oral cavity cancers. Cureus. 12(11):e11640, 2020
Hakim SG et al: Clinical course and survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary alveolus and hard palate: Results from a single-center prospective cohort. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 48(1):111-6, 2020
Kim HY et al: Clinical difference between benign and malignant tumors of the hard palate. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 277(3):903-7, 2020
Locatello LG et al: A critical evaluation of computed tomography-derived depth of invasion in the preoperative assessment of oral cancer staging. Oral Oncol. 107:104749, 2020
Liao CT et al: Tumor depth of invasion (tumor>4 cm/depth>10 mm and depth>20 mm) and through cortex/skin invasion are both valid criteria for classifying tumors as pT4a in AJCC 2018 oral cavity cancer staging system. Ann Surg Oncol. 26(11):3663-72, 2019
Gill A et al: AHNS Series: Do you know your guidelines? Evidence-based management of oral cavity cancers. Head Neck. 40(2):406-16, 2018
Amin MB et al: American Joint Committee on Cancer: AJCC Staging Manual. 8th ed. Springer, 2017
Deneuve S et al: Can early dissection of cervical lymph nodes improve prognosis in squamous cell carcinomas of the hard palate. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 79(6):314-22, 2017
von Stempel C et al: Imaging of palatal lumps. Clin Radiol. 72(2):97-107, 2017
Koshkareva Y et al: Cervical metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the hard palate and maxillary alveolus. Ear Nose Throat J. 95(10-11):E6-11, 2016
Zhang WB et al: Cervical metastases of oral maxillary squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Head Neck. 38 Suppl 1:E2335-42, 2016
Givi B et al: Impact of elective neck dissection on the outcome of oral squamous cell carcinomas arising in the maxillary alveolus and hard palate. Head Neck. 38 Suppl 1:E1688-94, 2016
Yang X et al: Clinicopathological characteristics and outcome predictors in squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary gingiva and hard palate. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 73(7):1429-36, 2015
Arya S et al: Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: role of pretreatment imaging and its influence on management. Clin Radiol. 69(9):916-30, 2014
Aydil U et al: Neoplasms of the hard palate. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 72(3):619-26, 2014
Kato H et al: CT and MR imaging findings of palatal tumors. Eur J Radiol. 83(3):e137-46, 2014
Brown JS et al: Management of the neck and regional recurrence in squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary alveolus and hard palate compared with other sites in the oral cavity. Head Neck. 35(2):265-9, 2012
Eskander A et al: Outcome predictors in squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary alveolus and hard palate. Laryngoscope. 123(10):2453-8, 2013
Li Q et al: Survival impact of cervical metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of hard palate. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 116(1):23-7, 2013
Meng FY et al: The determining risk factors for treatment outcomes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hard palate. Ann Surg Oncol. 19(6):2003-10, 2012
Sun J et al: Multifocal cutaneous metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of hard palate. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg.41(7):807-9, 2011
Jerjes W et al: Clinicopathological parameters, recurrence, locoregional and distant metastasis in 115 T1-T2 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Head Neck Oncol. 2:9, 2010
Mourouzis C et al: Squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary gingiva, alveolus, and hard palate: is there a need for elective neck dissection? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 48(5):345-8, 2010
Shrime MG et al: The impact of adjuvant radiotherapy on survival in T1-2N1 squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010 Mar;136(3):225-8. Erratum in: Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 136(5):512, 2010
Valentini V et al: Management of clinically negative neck in maxillary carcinoma. J Craniofac Surg. 21(3):759-62, 2010
Viet CT et al: Understanding oral cancer in the genome era. Head Neck. 32(9):1246-68, 2010
Wang TC et al: Risk factors affect the survival outcome of hard palatal and maxillary alveolus squamous cell carcinoma: 10-year review in a tertiary referral center. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 110(1):11-7, 2010
Lin HW et al: Survival impact of nodal disease in hard palate and maxillary alveolus cancer. Laryngoscope. 119(2):312-5, 2009
Montes DM et al: Oral maxillary squamous cell carcinoma: management of the clinically negative neck. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 66(4):762-6, 2008
Simental AA Jr et al: Cervical metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary alveolus and hard palate. Laryngoscope. 116(9):1682-4, 2006
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Hard palate squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa)
Definitions
Oral cavity malignancy arising from mucosa overlying hard palate
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Arain AA et al: Occult nodal metastasis in oral cavity cancers. Cureus. 12(11):e11640, 2020
Hakim SG et al: Clinical course and survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary alveolus and hard palate: Results from a single-center prospective cohort. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 48(1):111-6, 2020
Kim HY et al: Clinical difference between benign and malignant tumors of the hard palate. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 277(3):903-7, 2020
Locatello LG et al: A critical evaluation of computed tomography-derived depth of invasion in the preoperative assessment of oral cancer staging. Oral Oncol. 107:104749, 2020
Liao CT et al: Tumor depth of invasion (tumor>4 cm/depth>10 mm and depth>20 mm) and through cortex/skin invasion are both valid criteria for classifying tumors as pT4a in AJCC 2018 oral cavity cancer staging system. Ann Surg Oncol. 26(11):3663-72, 2019
Gill A et al: AHNS Series: Do you know your guidelines? Evidence-based management of oral cavity cancers. Head Neck. 40(2):406-16, 2018
Amin MB et al: American Joint Committee on Cancer: AJCC Staging Manual. 8th ed. Springer, 2017
Deneuve S et al: Can early dissection of cervical lymph nodes improve prognosis in squamous cell carcinomas of the hard palate. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 79(6):314-22, 2017
von Stempel C et al: Imaging of palatal lumps. Clin Radiol. 72(2):97-107, 2017
Koshkareva Y et al: Cervical metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the hard palate and maxillary alveolus. Ear Nose Throat J. 95(10-11):E6-11, 2016
Zhang WB et al: Cervical metastases of oral maxillary squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Head Neck. 38 Suppl 1:E2335-42, 2016
Givi B et al: Impact of elective neck dissection on the outcome of oral squamous cell carcinomas arising in the maxillary alveolus and hard palate. Head Neck. 38 Suppl 1:E1688-94, 2016
Yang X et al: Clinicopathological characteristics and outcome predictors in squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary gingiva and hard palate. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 73(7):1429-36, 2015
Arya S et al: Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: role of pretreatment imaging and its influence on management. Clin Radiol. 69(9):916-30, 2014
Aydil U et al: Neoplasms of the hard palate. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 72(3):619-26, 2014
Kato H et al: CT and MR imaging findings of palatal tumors. Eur J Radiol. 83(3):e137-46, 2014
Brown JS et al: Management of the neck and regional recurrence in squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary alveolus and hard palate compared with other sites in the oral cavity. Head Neck. 35(2):265-9, 2012
Eskander A et al: Outcome predictors in squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary alveolus and hard palate. Laryngoscope. 123(10):2453-8, 2013
Li Q et al: Survival impact of cervical metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of hard palate. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 116(1):23-7, 2013
Meng FY et al: The determining risk factors for treatment outcomes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hard palate. Ann Surg Oncol. 19(6):2003-10, 2012
Sun J et al: Multifocal cutaneous metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of hard palate. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg.41(7):807-9, 2011
Jerjes W et al: Clinicopathological parameters, recurrence, locoregional and distant metastasis in 115 T1-T2 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Head Neck Oncol. 2:9, 2010
Mourouzis C et al: Squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary gingiva, alveolus, and hard palate: is there a need for elective neck dissection? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 48(5):345-8, 2010
Shrime MG et al: The impact of adjuvant radiotherapy on survival in T1-2N1 squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010 Mar;136(3):225-8. Erratum in: Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 136(5):512, 2010
Valentini V et al: Management of clinically negative neck in maxillary carcinoma. J Craniofac Surg. 21(3):759-62, 2010
Viet CT et al: Understanding oral cancer in the genome era. Head Neck. 32(9):1246-68, 2010
Wang TC et al: Risk factors affect the survival outcome of hard palatal and maxillary alveolus squamous cell carcinoma: 10-year review in a tertiary referral center. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 110(1):11-7, 2010
Lin HW et al: Survival impact of nodal disease in hard palate and maxillary alveolus cancer. Laryngoscope. 119(2):312-5, 2009
Montes DM et al: Oral maxillary squamous cell carcinoma: management of the clinically negative neck. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 66(4):762-6, 2008
Simental AA Jr et al: Cervical metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary alveolus and hard palate. Laryngoscope. 116(9):1682-4, 2006
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