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Chest
Diagnosis
Post-Treatment Chest
Surgical Procedures and Complications
Heart Transplantation
Heart Transplantation
John P. Lichtenberger, III, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Clinical Issues

          • Diagnostic Checklist

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Definitions

              • Most effective therapy for treatment of end-stage heart failure
              • Most often performed for nonischemic cardiomyopathy, followed by ischemic cardiomyopathy
              • Most common complications
                • Infection
                • Acute allograft rejection
                • Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV)
                • Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • Imaging Recommendations

                • Radiographic Findings

                  • CT Findings

                    • MR Findings

                      • Ultrasonographic Findings

                        • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                          DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                            PATHOLOGY

                            • General Features

                              CLINICAL ISSUES

                              • Presentation

                                • Demographics

                                  • Natural History & Prognosis

                                    • Treatment

                                      DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                      • Consider

                                        Selected References

                                        1. Imran M et al: Native T1 mapping in the diagnosis of cardiac allograft rejection: a prospective histologically validated study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 12(8 Pt 2):1618-28, 2019
                                        2. Smith JD et al: Evaluation after orthotopic heart transplant: what the radiologist should know. Radiographics. 39(2):321-43, 2019
                                        3. Olymbios M et al: Imaging in heart transplant patients. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 11(10):1514-30, 2018
                                        4. Clemmensen TS et al: Left ventricular global longitudinal strain predicts major adverse cardiac events and all-cause mortality in heart transplant patients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 36(5):567-76, 2017
                                        5. Badano LP et al: European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging/Cardiovascular Imaging Department of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology recommendations for the use of cardiac imaging to assess and follow patients after heart transplantation. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 16(9):919-48, 2015
                                        6. Stehlik J et al: The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: twenty-seventh official adult heart transplant report--2010. J Heart Lung Transplant. 29(10):1089-103, 2010
                                        7. Estep JD et al: The role of multimodality cardiac imaging in the transplanted heart. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2(9):1126-40, 2009
                                        8. Bogot NR et al: Cardiac CT of the transplanted heart: indications, technique, appearance, and complications. Radiographics. 27(5):1297-309, 2007
                                        9. Gregory SA et al: Comparison of sixty-four-slice multidetector computed tomographic coronary angiography to coronary angiography with intravascular ultrasound for the detection of transplant vasculopathy. Am J Cardiol. 98(7):877-84, 2006
                                        10. Nikolaou K et al: Morphological and functional magnetic resonance imaging after heterotopic heart transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg. 78(3):1064-6, 2004
                                        11. Almenar L et al: Utility of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of heart transplant rejection. Transplant Proc. 35(5):1962-4, 2003
                                        12. Farzaneh-Far A: Electron-beam computed tomography in the assessment of coronary artery disease after heart transplantation. Circulation. 103(10):E60, 2001
                                        13. Marie PY et al: Detection and prediction of acute heart transplant rejection with the myocardial T2 determination provided by a black-blood magnetic resonance imaging sequence. J Am Coll Cardiol. 37(3):825-31, 2001
                                        14. Rinaldi M et al: Neoplastic disease after heart transplantation: single center experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 19(5):696-701, 2001
                                        15. Aranda JM Jr et al: Cardiac transplant vasculopathy. Chest. 118(6):1792-800, 2000
                                        16. Bellenger NG et al: Left ventricular function and mass after orthotopic heart transplantation: a comparison of cardiovascular magnetic resonance with echocardiography. J Heart Lung Transplant. 19(5):444-52, 2000
                                        17. Knollmann FD et al: CT of heart transplant recipients: spectrum of disease. Radiographics. 20(6):1637-48, 2000
                                        18. Knisely BL et al: Imaging of cardiac transplantation complications. Radiographics. 19(2):321-39; discussion 340-1, 1999
                                        19. Haramati LB et al: Lung nodules and masses after cardiac transplantation. Radiology. 188(2):491-7, 1993
                                        20. Henry DA et al: Orthotopic cardiac transplantation: evaluation with CT. Radiology. 170(2):343-50, 1989
                                        21. Adey CK et al: Heterotopic heart transplantation: a radiographic review. Radiographics. 7(1):151-60, 1987
                                        22. Aherne T et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of cardiac transplants: the evaluation of rejection of cardiac allografts with and without immunosuppression. Circulation. 74(1):145-56, 1986
                                        Related Anatomy
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                                        Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                        References
                                        Tables

                                        Tables

                                        KEY FACTS

                                        • Terminology

                                          • Imaging

                                            • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                              • Clinical Issues

                                                • Diagnostic Checklist

                                                  TERMINOLOGY

                                                  • Definitions

                                                    • Most effective therapy for treatment of end-stage heart failure
                                                    • Most often performed for nonischemic cardiomyopathy, followed by ischemic cardiomyopathy
                                                    • Most common complications
                                                      • Infection
                                                      • Acute allograft rejection
                                                      • Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV)
                                                      • Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease

                                                  IMAGING

                                                  • General Features

                                                    • Imaging Recommendations

                                                      • Radiographic Findings

                                                        • CT Findings

                                                          • MR Findings

                                                            • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                              • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                                                                DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                  PATHOLOGY

                                                                  • General Features

                                                                    CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                    • Presentation

                                                                      • Demographics

                                                                        • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                          • Treatment

                                                                            DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                            • Consider

                                                                              Selected References

                                                                              1. Imran M et al: Native T1 mapping in the diagnosis of cardiac allograft rejection: a prospective histologically validated study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 12(8 Pt 2):1618-28, 2019
                                                                              2. Smith JD et al: Evaluation after orthotopic heart transplant: what the radiologist should know. Radiographics. 39(2):321-43, 2019
                                                                              3. Olymbios M et al: Imaging in heart transplant patients. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 11(10):1514-30, 2018
                                                                              4. Clemmensen TS et al: Left ventricular global longitudinal strain predicts major adverse cardiac events and all-cause mortality in heart transplant patients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 36(5):567-76, 2017
                                                                              5. Badano LP et al: European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging/Cardiovascular Imaging Department of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology recommendations for the use of cardiac imaging to assess and follow patients after heart transplantation. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 16(9):919-48, 2015
                                                                              6. Stehlik J et al: The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: twenty-seventh official adult heart transplant report--2010. J Heart Lung Transplant. 29(10):1089-103, 2010
                                                                              7. Estep JD et al: The role of multimodality cardiac imaging in the transplanted heart. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2(9):1126-40, 2009
                                                                              8. Bogot NR et al: Cardiac CT of the transplanted heart: indications, technique, appearance, and complications. Radiographics. 27(5):1297-309, 2007
                                                                              9. Gregory SA et al: Comparison of sixty-four-slice multidetector computed tomographic coronary angiography to coronary angiography with intravascular ultrasound for the detection of transplant vasculopathy. Am J Cardiol. 98(7):877-84, 2006
                                                                              10. Nikolaou K et al: Morphological and functional magnetic resonance imaging after heterotopic heart transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg. 78(3):1064-6, 2004
                                                                              11. Almenar L et al: Utility of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of heart transplant rejection. Transplant Proc. 35(5):1962-4, 2003
                                                                              12. Farzaneh-Far A: Electron-beam computed tomography in the assessment of coronary artery disease after heart transplantation. Circulation. 103(10):E60, 2001
                                                                              13. Marie PY et al: Detection and prediction of acute heart transplant rejection with the myocardial T2 determination provided by a black-blood magnetic resonance imaging sequence. J Am Coll Cardiol. 37(3):825-31, 2001
                                                                              14. Rinaldi M et al: Neoplastic disease after heart transplantation: single center experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 19(5):696-701, 2001
                                                                              15. Aranda JM Jr et al: Cardiac transplant vasculopathy. Chest. 118(6):1792-800, 2000
                                                                              16. Bellenger NG et al: Left ventricular function and mass after orthotopic heart transplantation: a comparison of cardiovascular magnetic resonance with echocardiography. J Heart Lung Transplant. 19(5):444-52, 2000
                                                                              17. Knollmann FD et al: CT of heart transplant recipients: spectrum of disease. Radiographics. 20(6):1637-48, 2000
                                                                              18. Knisely BL et al: Imaging of cardiac transplantation complications. Radiographics. 19(2):321-39; discussion 340-1, 1999
                                                                              19. Haramati LB et al: Lung nodules and masses after cardiac transplantation. Radiology. 188(2):491-7, 1993
                                                                              20. Henry DA et al: Orthotopic cardiac transplantation: evaluation with CT. Radiology. 170(2):343-50, 1989
                                                                              21. Adey CK et al: Heterotopic heart transplantation: a radiographic review. Radiographics. 7(1):151-60, 1987
                                                                              22. Aherne T et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of cardiac transplants: the evaluation of rejection of cardiac allografts with and without immunosuppression. Circulation. 74(1):145-56, 1986