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Spine
Diagnosis
Neoplasms, Cysts, and Other Masses
Vascular
Vascular Miscellaneous
Hematomyelia/Nontraumatic Cord Hemorrhage
Hematomyelia/Nontraumatic Cord Hemorrhage
Kevin R. Moore, MD; Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Clinical Issues

          • Diagnostic Checklist

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Synonyms

              • Hematomyelia, intramedullary hemorrhage, spontaneous cord hemorrhage

            • Definitions

              • Hemorrhage within spinal cord from variety of etiologies, primarily anticoagulant therapy, vascular, and neoplastic

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • Imaging Recommendations

                DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                  CLINICAL ISSUES

                  • Presentation

                    • Natural History & Prognosis

                      DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                      • Consider

                        Selected References

                        1. Kumar MS et al: A report of quadriparesis in dengue fever due to hematomyelia. Neurol India. 67(2):530-1, 2019
                        2. Oichi Y et al: Multiple spinal chronic subdural hematomas associated with thoracic hematomyelia: a case report and literature review. World Neurosurg. 131:95-103, 2019
                        3. Peckham ME et al: Imaging of vascular disorders of the spine. Radiol Clin North Am. 57(2):307-18, 2019
                        4. Fiaschi P et al: Idiopathic cervical hematomyelia in an infant: spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality caused by a trivial trauma? Case report and review of the literature. World Neurosurg. 90:38-44, 2016
                        5. Saliou G et al: Risk factors of hematomyelia recurrence and clinical outcome in children with intradural spinal cord arteriovenous malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 35(7):1440-6, 2014
                        6. Madhugiri VS et al: Spinal aneurysms: clinicoradiological features and management paradigms. J Neurosurg Spine. 19(1):34-48, 2013
                        7. Rubin MN et al: Vascular diseases of the spinal cord. Neurol Clin. 31(1):153-81, 2013
                        8. Moftakhar P et al: Vascular myelopathies. Semin Neurol. 32(2):146-53, 2012
                        9. Cheng MY et al: Concomitant spinal cord and vertebral body infarction is highly associated with aortic pathology: a clinical and magnetic resonance imaging study. J Neurol. 256(9):1418-26, 2009
                        10. Dehdashti AR et al: Overview of the current role of endovascular and surgical treatment in spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas. Neurosurg Focus. 26(1):E8, 2009
                        11. Ebner FH et al: Intramedullary lesions of the conus medullaris: differential diagnosis and surgical management. Neurosurg Rev. 32(3):287-300; discussion 300-1, 2009
                        12. Kitagawa RS et al: Paraspinal arteriovenous malformations in children. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 3(5):425-8, 2009
                        13. Ksendzovsky A et al: A rare case of hemangioma of infancy presenting as intraspinal hemorrhage. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 3(5):429-34, 2009
                        14. Leep Hunderfund AN et al: Intramedullary spinal cord hemorrhage (hematomyelia). Rev Neurol Dis. 6(2):E54-61, 2009
                        15. Rourke T et al: Intraoperative, imaging and pathological features in spinal cord vasculitis. J Clin Neurosci. 16(8):1093-5, 2009
                        16. Sharma GK et al: Spontaneous intramedullary hemorrhage of spinal hemangioblastoma: case report. Neurosurgery. 65(3):E627-8; discussion E628, 2009
                        17. Sheerin F et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of acute intramedullary myelopathy: radiological differential diagnosis for the on-call radiologist. Clin Radiol. 64(1):84-94, 2009
                        18. Shiiya N et al: Anatomical pattern of feeding artery and mechanism of intraoperative spinal cord ischemia. Ann Thorac Surg. 88(3):768-71; discussion 772, 2009
                        19. Xia C et al: Pediatric cavernous malformation in the central nervous system: report of 66 cases. Pediatr Neurosurg. 45(2):105-13, 2009
                        20. Clark MT et al: Cobb syndrome: a case report and systematic review of the literature. Pediatr Neurol. 39(6):423-5, 2008
                        21. Espinosa PS et al: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangectasia and spinal cord infarct: case report with a review of the neurological complications of HHT. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 110(5):484-91, 2008
                        22. Ulrich CT et al: Ependymoma of conus medullaris presenting as subarachnoid haemorrhage. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 150(2):185-8, 2008
                        23. Heuer GG et al: Acute paraparesis from hemorrhagic spinal ependymoma: diagnostic dilemma and surgical management. Report of two cases and review of the literature. J Neurosurg Spine. 7(6):652-5, 2007
                        24. McGarvey ML et al: Management of neurologic complications of thoracic aortic surgery. J Clin Neurophysiol. 24(4):336-43, 2007
                        25. Kreppel D et al: Spinal hematoma: a literature survey with meta-analysis of 613 patients. Neurosurg Rev. 26(1):1-49, 2003
                        Related Anatomy
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                        Related Differential Diagnoses
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                        References
                        Tables

                        Tables

                        KEY FACTS

                        • Terminology

                          • Imaging

                            • Top Differential Diagnoses

                              • Clinical Issues

                                • Diagnostic Checklist

                                  TERMINOLOGY

                                  • Synonyms

                                    • Hematomyelia, intramedullary hemorrhage, spontaneous cord hemorrhage

                                  • Definitions

                                    • Hemorrhage within spinal cord from variety of etiologies, primarily anticoagulant therapy, vascular, and neoplastic

                                  IMAGING

                                  • General Features

                                    • Imaging Recommendations

                                      DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                        CLINICAL ISSUES

                                        • Presentation

                                          • Natural History & Prognosis

                                            DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                            • Consider

                                              Selected References

                                              1. Kumar MS et al: A report of quadriparesis in dengue fever due to hematomyelia. Neurol India. 67(2):530-1, 2019
                                              2. Oichi Y et al: Multiple spinal chronic subdural hematomas associated with thoracic hematomyelia: a case report and literature review. World Neurosurg. 131:95-103, 2019
                                              3. Peckham ME et al: Imaging of vascular disorders of the spine. Radiol Clin North Am. 57(2):307-18, 2019
                                              4. Fiaschi P et al: Idiopathic cervical hematomyelia in an infant: spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality caused by a trivial trauma? Case report and review of the literature. World Neurosurg. 90:38-44, 2016
                                              5. Saliou G et al: Risk factors of hematomyelia recurrence and clinical outcome in children with intradural spinal cord arteriovenous malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 35(7):1440-6, 2014
                                              6. Madhugiri VS et al: Spinal aneurysms: clinicoradiological features and management paradigms. J Neurosurg Spine. 19(1):34-48, 2013
                                              7. Rubin MN et al: Vascular diseases of the spinal cord. Neurol Clin. 31(1):153-81, 2013
                                              8. Moftakhar P et al: Vascular myelopathies. Semin Neurol. 32(2):146-53, 2012
                                              9. Cheng MY et al: Concomitant spinal cord and vertebral body infarction is highly associated with aortic pathology: a clinical and magnetic resonance imaging study. J Neurol. 256(9):1418-26, 2009
                                              10. Dehdashti AR et al: Overview of the current role of endovascular and surgical treatment in spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas. Neurosurg Focus. 26(1):E8, 2009
                                              11. Ebner FH et al: Intramedullary lesions of the conus medullaris: differential diagnosis and surgical management. Neurosurg Rev. 32(3):287-300; discussion 300-1, 2009
                                              12. Kitagawa RS et al: Paraspinal arteriovenous malformations in children. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 3(5):425-8, 2009
                                              13. Ksendzovsky A et al: A rare case of hemangioma of infancy presenting as intraspinal hemorrhage. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 3(5):429-34, 2009
                                              14. Leep Hunderfund AN et al: Intramedullary spinal cord hemorrhage (hematomyelia). Rev Neurol Dis. 6(2):E54-61, 2009
                                              15. Rourke T et al: Intraoperative, imaging and pathological features in spinal cord vasculitis. J Clin Neurosci. 16(8):1093-5, 2009
                                              16. Sharma GK et al: Spontaneous intramedullary hemorrhage of spinal hemangioblastoma: case report. Neurosurgery. 65(3):E627-8; discussion E628, 2009
                                              17. Sheerin F et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of acute intramedullary myelopathy: radiological differential diagnosis for the on-call radiologist. Clin Radiol. 64(1):84-94, 2009
                                              18. Shiiya N et al: Anatomical pattern of feeding artery and mechanism of intraoperative spinal cord ischemia. Ann Thorac Surg. 88(3):768-71; discussion 772, 2009
                                              19. Xia C et al: Pediatric cavernous malformation in the central nervous system: report of 66 cases. Pediatr Neurosurg. 45(2):105-13, 2009
                                              20. Clark MT et al: Cobb syndrome: a case report and systematic review of the literature. Pediatr Neurol. 39(6):423-5, 2008
                                              21. Espinosa PS et al: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangectasia and spinal cord infarct: case report with a review of the neurological complications of HHT. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 110(5):484-91, 2008
                                              22. Ulrich CT et al: Ependymoma of conus medullaris presenting as subarachnoid haemorrhage. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 150(2):185-8, 2008
                                              23. Heuer GG et al: Acute paraparesis from hemorrhagic spinal ependymoma: diagnostic dilemma and surgical management. Report of two cases and review of the literature. J Neurosurg Spine. 7(6):652-5, 2007
                                              24. McGarvey ML et al: Management of neurologic complications of thoracic aortic surgery. J Clin Neurophysiol. 24(4):336-43, 2007
                                              25. Kreppel D et al: Spinal hematoma: a literature survey with meta-analysis of 613 patients. Neurosurg Rev. 26(1):1-49, 2003