Bookmarks
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Hemodialysis (HD)
- Arteriovenous fistula (AVF)
Synonyms
- AVF stenosis/occlusion
- Fistula stenosis/occlusion
Definitions
- AVF is created when anastomosis is made between artery and vein allowing vein to enlarge and arterialize to become accessible and provide adequate flow for HD; most commonly in arms but can be in thigh
- HD graft is artificial graft made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) that connects artery to vein in similar manner as AVF but takes less time to mature
- Common AVFs: Radiocephalic, brachiocephalic, brachiobasilic (usually requires 2 surgeries)
- Common HD grafts: Forearm loop, upper arm, and thigh
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
PATHOLOGY
Causes of AVF Thrombosis
Causes of AVF Stenosis
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Wo K et al: Developing duplex ultrasound criteria for diagnosis of arteriovenous fistula stenosis. Ann Vasc Surg. 38:99-104, 2017
- National Kidney Foundation: KDOQI clinical practice guideline for hemodialysis adequacy: 2015 Update. Am J Kidney Dis. 66(5):884-930, 2015
- Quencer KB et al: Arteriovenous fistulas and their characteristic sites of stenosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 205(4):726-34, 2015
- Santoro D et al: Vascular access for hemodialysis: current perspectives. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 7:281-94, 2014
- Vardza Raju A et al: Reliability of ultrasound duplex for detection of hemodynamically significant stenosis in hemodialysis access. Ann Vasc Dis. 6(1):57-61, 2013
- Chen MC et al: Arteriovenous fistula and graft evaluation in hemodialysis patients using MDCT: a primer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(3):838-47, 2010
- Wiese P et al: Colour Doppler ultrasound in dialysis access. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 19(8):1956-63, 2004
- Finlay DE et al: Duplex and color Doppler sonography of hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts. Radiographics. 13(5):983-9, 1993
Related Anatomy
Loading...
Related Differential Diagnoses
Loading...
References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Hemodialysis (HD)
- Arteriovenous fistula (AVF)
Synonyms
- AVF stenosis/occlusion
- Fistula stenosis/occlusion
Definitions
- AVF is created when anastomosis is made between artery and vein allowing vein to enlarge and arterialize to become accessible and provide adequate flow for HD; most commonly in arms but can be in thigh
- HD graft is artificial graft made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) that connects artery to vein in similar manner as AVF but takes less time to mature
- Common AVFs: Radiocephalic, brachiocephalic, brachiobasilic (usually requires 2 surgeries)
- Common HD grafts: Forearm loop, upper arm, and thigh
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
PATHOLOGY
Causes of AVF Thrombosis
Causes of AVF Stenosis
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Wo K et al: Developing duplex ultrasound criteria for diagnosis of arteriovenous fistula stenosis. Ann Vasc Surg. 38:99-104, 2017
- National Kidney Foundation: KDOQI clinical practice guideline for hemodialysis adequacy: 2015 Update. Am J Kidney Dis. 66(5):884-930, 2015
- Quencer KB et al: Arteriovenous fistulas and their characteristic sites of stenosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 205(4):726-34, 2015
- Santoro D et al: Vascular access for hemodialysis: current perspectives. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 7:281-94, 2014
- Vardza Raju A et al: Reliability of ultrasound duplex for detection of hemodynamically significant stenosis in hemodialysis access. Ann Vasc Dis. 6(1):57-61, 2013
- Chen MC et al: Arteriovenous fistula and graft evaluation in hemodialysis patients using MDCT: a primer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(3):838-47, 2010
- Wiese P et al: Colour Doppler ultrasound in dialysis access. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 19(8):1956-63, 2004
- Finlay DE et al: Duplex and color Doppler sonography of hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts. Radiographics. 13(5):983-9, 1993
