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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Hemorrhagic ovarian cyst (HOC)
Definitions
- Hemorrhage into cystic space in ovarian parenchyma
- Most common at time of ovulation → hemorrhagic corpus luteum (HCL)
- May occur into follicular cyst
- Acute hemorrhage may occur into established endometrioma
- Hemorrhage into cystic space in ovarian parenchyma
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Dawood MT et al: Adnexal torsion: review of radiologic appearances. Radiographics. 41(2):609-24, 2021
- Andreotti RF et al: O-RADS US risk stratification and management system: a consensus guideline from the ACR Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System Committee. Radiology. 294(1):168-85, 2020
- Ayyala RS et al: Pelvic pain in the middle of the night: use of MRI for evaluation of pediatric female pathology in the emergent setting. Emerg Radiol. 24(6):681-8, 2017
- Iraha Y et al: CT and MR imaging of gynecologic emergencies. Radiographics. 37(5):1569-86, 2017
- Nakamura M et al: Postnatal outcome in cases of prenatally diagnosed fetal ovarian cysts under conservative prenatal management. Fetal Diagn Ther. 37(2):129-34, 2014
- Valentin L et al: Risk of malignancy in unilocular cysts: a study of 1148 adnexal masses classified as unilocular cysts at transvaginal ultrasound and review of the literature. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 41(1):80-9, 2013
- Wasnik AP et al: Multimodality imaging of ovarian cystic lesions: review with an imaging based algorithmic approach. World J Radiol. 5(3):113-25, 2013
- Laing FC et al: US of the ovary and adnexa: to worry or not to worry? Radiographics. 32(6):1621-39; discussion 1640-2, 2012
- Patel MD: Pitfalls in the sonographic evaluation of adnexal masses. Ultrasound Q. 28(1):29-40, 2012
- Alcázar JL et al: Diagnostic performance of transvaginal gray-scale ultrasound for specific diagnosis of benign ovarian cysts in relation to menopausal status. Maturitas. 68(2):182-8, 2011
- Ding Z et al: Sonographic value in diagnosis of hemorrhagic ovarian cysts. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 31(1):87-9, 2010
- Levine D et al: Management of asymptomatic ovarian and other adnexal cysts imaged at US: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference statement. Radiology. 256(3):943-54, 2010
- Spinelli C et al: Hemorrhagic corpus luteum cysts: an unusual problem for pediatric surgeons. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 22(3):163-7, 2009
- Patel MD et al: The likelihood ratio of sonographic findings for the diagnosis of hemorrhagic ovarian cysts. J Ultrasound Med. 24(5):607-14; quiz 615, 2005
- Swire MN et al: Various sonographic appearances of the hemorrhagic corpus luteum cyst. Ultrasound Q. 20(2):45-58, 2004
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Hemorrhagic ovarian cyst (HOC)
Definitions
- Hemorrhage into cystic space in ovarian parenchyma
- Most common at time of ovulation → hemorrhagic corpus luteum (HCL)
- May occur into follicular cyst
- Acute hemorrhage may occur into established endometrioma
- Hemorrhage into cystic space in ovarian parenchyma
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Dawood MT et al: Adnexal torsion: review of radiologic appearances. Radiographics. 41(2):609-24, 2021
- Andreotti RF et al: O-RADS US risk stratification and management system: a consensus guideline from the ACR Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System Committee. Radiology. 294(1):168-85, 2020
- Ayyala RS et al: Pelvic pain in the middle of the night: use of MRI for evaluation of pediatric female pathology in the emergent setting. Emerg Radiol. 24(6):681-8, 2017
- Iraha Y et al: CT and MR imaging of gynecologic emergencies. Radiographics. 37(5):1569-86, 2017
- Nakamura M et al: Postnatal outcome in cases of prenatally diagnosed fetal ovarian cysts under conservative prenatal management. Fetal Diagn Ther. 37(2):129-34, 2014
- Valentin L et al: Risk of malignancy in unilocular cysts: a study of 1148 adnexal masses classified as unilocular cysts at transvaginal ultrasound and review of the literature. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 41(1):80-9, 2013
- Wasnik AP et al: Multimodality imaging of ovarian cystic lesions: review with an imaging based algorithmic approach. World J Radiol. 5(3):113-25, 2013
- Laing FC et al: US of the ovary and adnexa: to worry or not to worry? Radiographics. 32(6):1621-39; discussion 1640-2, 2012
- Patel MD: Pitfalls in the sonographic evaluation of adnexal masses. Ultrasound Q. 28(1):29-40, 2012
- Alcázar JL et al: Diagnostic performance of transvaginal gray-scale ultrasound for specific diagnosis of benign ovarian cysts in relation to menopausal status. Maturitas. 68(2):182-8, 2011
- Ding Z et al: Sonographic value in diagnosis of hemorrhagic ovarian cysts. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 31(1):87-9, 2010
- Levine D et al: Management of asymptomatic ovarian and other adnexal cysts imaged at US: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference statement. Radiology. 256(3):943-54, 2010
- Spinelli C et al: Hemorrhagic corpus luteum cysts: an unusual problem for pediatric surgeons. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 22(3):163-7, 2009
- Patel MD et al: The likelihood ratio of sonographic findings for the diagnosis of hemorrhagic ovarian cysts. J Ultrasound Med. 24(5):607-14; quiz 615, 2005
- Swire MN et al: Various sonographic appearances of the hemorrhagic corpus luteum cyst. Ultrasound Q. 20(2):45-58, 2004
