Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) or liver cell adenoma
Definitions
Benign tumor that arises from hepatocytes arranged in cords that occasionally form bile
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Vernuccio F et al: Long-term evolution of hepatocellular adenomas at MRI follow-up. Radiology. 295(2):361-72, 2020
Burrowes DP et al: RadioGraphics update: contrast-enhanced US approach to the diagnosis of focal liver masses. Radiographics. 40(4):E16-20, 2020
Burrowes DP et al: Contrast-enhanced US approach to the diagnosis of focal liver masses. Radiographics. 37(5):1388-400, 2017
Nault JC et al: Molecular classification of hepatocellular adenoma associates with risk factors, bleeding, and malignant transformation. Gastroenterology. 152(4):880-94.e6, 2017
European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL).: EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of benign liver tumours. J Hepatol. 65(2):386-98, 2016
Auer TA et al: Hepatocellular adenomas: is there additional value in using Gd-EOB-enhanced MRI for subtype differentiation? Eur Radiol. 30(6):3497-506, 2020
Gaspersz MP et al: Growth of hepatocellular adenoma during pregnancy: a prospective study. J Hepatol. 72(1):119-24, 2020
Tse JR et al: Qualitative and quantitative gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging helps subtype hepatocellular adenomas. Radiology. 279(1):118-27, 2016
Bröker MEE et al: Performance of contrast-enhanced sonography versus MRI with a liver-specific contrast agent for diagnosis of hepatocellular adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 214(1):81-9, 2020
McInnes MD et al: Focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma: Accuracy of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging--a systematic review. Radiology. 277(2):413-23, 2015
Kamaya A et al: Hypervascular liver lesions. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 30(5):387-407, 2009
Frulio N et al: Evaluation of liver tumors using acoustic radiation force impulse elastography and correlation with histologic data. J Ultrasound Med. 32(1):121-30, 2013
Laumonier H et al: Role of contrast-enhanced sonography in differentiation of subtypes of hepatocellular adenoma: correlation with MRI findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 199(2):341-8, 2012
Yu H et al: Differentiation of benign from malignant liver masses with acoustic radiation force impulse technique. Ultrasound Q. 27(4):217-23, 2011
Zhu XL et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the diagnosis of hepatic adenoma. J Int Med Res. 39(3):920-8, 2011
Piscaglia F et al: Characterization of focal liver lesions with contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol. 36(4):531-50, 2010
von Herbay A et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound with SonoVue: differentiation between benign and malignant focal liver lesions in 317 patients. J Clin Ultrasound. 38(1):1-9, 2010
Bioulac-Sage P et al: Hepatocellular adenoma management and phenotypic classification: the Bordeaux experience. Hepatology. 50(2):481-9, 2009
Ricci P et al: Behavior of hepatocellular adenoma on real-time low-mechanical index contrast-enhanced ultrasonography with a second-generation contrast agent. J Ultrasound Med. 27(12):1719-26, 2008
Strobel D et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the characterization of focal liver lesions--diagnostic accuracy in clinical practice (DEGUM multicenter trial). Ultraschall Med. 29(5):499-505, 2008
Bartolotta TV et al: Characterization of benign hepatic tumors arising in fatty liver with SonoVue and pulse inversion US. Abdom Imaging. 32(1):84-91, 2007
Bioulac-Sage P et al: Hepatocellular adenoma subtype classification using molecular markers and immunohistochemistry. Hepatology. 46(3):740-8, 2007
Kim TK et al: Benign liver masses: imaging with microbubble contrast agents. Ultrasound Q. 22(1):31-9, 2006
Monga SP: Hepatic adenomas: presumed innocent until proven to be beta-catenin mutated. Hepatology. 43(3):401-4, 2006
Dietrich CF et al: Differentiation of focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Br J Radiol. 78(932):704-7, 2005
von Herbay A et al: Real-time imaging with the sonographic contrast agent SonoVue: differentiation between benign and malignant hepatic lesions. J Ultrasound Med. 23(12):1557-68, 2004
Chen TM et al: Relationship between flash echo gray scale imaging features and pathologic findings in hepatic adenoma. J Ultrasound Med. 21(7):821-4, 2002
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) or liver cell adenoma
Definitions
Benign tumor that arises from hepatocytes arranged in cords that occasionally form bile
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Vernuccio F et al: Long-term evolution of hepatocellular adenomas at MRI follow-up. Radiology. 295(2):361-72, 2020
Burrowes DP et al: RadioGraphics update: contrast-enhanced US approach to the diagnosis of focal liver masses. Radiographics. 40(4):E16-20, 2020
Burrowes DP et al: Contrast-enhanced US approach to the diagnosis of focal liver masses. Radiographics. 37(5):1388-400, 2017
Nault JC et al: Molecular classification of hepatocellular adenoma associates with risk factors, bleeding, and malignant transformation. Gastroenterology. 152(4):880-94.e6, 2017
European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL).: EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of benign liver tumours. J Hepatol. 65(2):386-98, 2016
Auer TA et al: Hepatocellular adenomas: is there additional value in using Gd-EOB-enhanced MRI for subtype differentiation? Eur Radiol. 30(6):3497-506, 2020
Gaspersz MP et al: Growth of hepatocellular adenoma during pregnancy: a prospective study. J Hepatol. 72(1):119-24, 2020
Tse JR et al: Qualitative and quantitative gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging helps subtype hepatocellular adenomas. Radiology. 279(1):118-27, 2016
Bröker MEE et al: Performance of contrast-enhanced sonography versus MRI with a liver-specific contrast agent for diagnosis of hepatocellular adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 214(1):81-9, 2020
McInnes MD et al: Focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma: Accuracy of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging--a systematic review. Radiology. 277(2):413-23, 2015
Kamaya A et al: Hypervascular liver lesions. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 30(5):387-407, 2009
Frulio N et al: Evaluation of liver tumors using acoustic radiation force impulse elastography and correlation with histologic data. J Ultrasound Med. 32(1):121-30, 2013
Laumonier H et al: Role of contrast-enhanced sonography in differentiation of subtypes of hepatocellular adenoma: correlation with MRI findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 199(2):341-8, 2012
Yu H et al: Differentiation of benign from malignant liver masses with acoustic radiation force impulse technique. Ultrasound Q. 27(4):217-23, 2011
Zhu XL et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the diagnosis of hepatic adenoma. J Int Med Res. 39(3):920-8, 2011
Piscaglia F et al: Characterization of focal liver lesions with contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol. 36(4):531-50, 2010
von Herbay A et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound with SonoVue: differentiation between benign and malignant focal liver lesions in 317 patients. J Clin Ultrasound. 38(1):1-9, 2010
Bioulac-Sage P et al: Hepatocellular adenoma management and phenotypic classification: the Bordeaux experience. Hepatology. 50(2):481-9, 2009
Ricci P et al: Behavior of hepatocellular adenoma on real-time low-mechanical index contrast-enhanced ultrasonography with a second-generation contrast agent. J Ultrasound Med. 27(12):1719-26, 2008
Strobel D et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the characterization of focal liver lesions--diagnostic accuracy in clinical practice (DEGUM multicenter trial). Ultraschall Med. 29(5):499-505, 2008
Bartolotta TV et al: Characterization of benign hepatic tumors arising in fatty liver with SonoVue and pulse inversion US. Abdom Imaging. 32(1):84-91, 2007
Bioulac-Sage P et al: Hepatocellular adenoma subtype classification using molecular markers and immunohistochemistry. Hepatology. 46(3):740-8, 2007
Kim TK et al: Benign liver masses: imaging with microbubble contrast agents. Ultrasound Q. 22(1):31-9, 2006
Monga SP: Hepatic adenomas: presumed innocent until proven to be beta-catenin mutated. Hepatology. 43(3):401-4, 2006
Dietrich CF et al: Differentiation of focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Br J Radiol. 78(932):704-7, 2005
von Herbay A et al: Real-time imaging with the sonographic contrast agent SonoVue: differentiation between benign and malignant hepatic lesions. J Ultrasound Med. 23(12):1557-68, 2004
Chen TM et al: Relationship between flash echo gray scale imaging features and pathologic findings in hepatic adenoma. J Ultrasound Med. 21(7):821-4, 2002
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