Chronic liver disease characterized by diffuse parenchymal necrosis with extensive fibrosis and regenerative nodule formation
End stage of final pathway in chronic hepatic damage
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Elastographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Kamaya A et al: HCC screening: is ultrasound still needed at transplant centers?-point: yes, ultrasound remains first line. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 216(3):579-80, 2021
Barr RG et al: Update to the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound liver elastography consensus statement. Radiology. 296(2):263-74, 2020
Expert Panel on Gastrointestinal Imaging et al: ACR Appropriateness Criteria. Chronic liver disease. J Am Coll Radiol. 17(5S):S70-80, 2020
Fetzer DT et al: Ultrasound evaluation in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiol Clin North Am. 57(3):563-83, 2019
Elsayes KM et al: Spectrum of pitfalls, pseudolesions, and potential misdiagnoses in cirrhosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 211(1):87-96, 2018
Park HS et al: Doppler ultrasound in liver cirrhosis: correlation of hepatic artery and portal vein measurements with model for end-stage liver disease score. J Ultrasound Med. 36(4):725-30, 2017
Ge PS et al: Treatment of patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 375(8):767-77, 2016
Beland MD et al: A pilot study estimating liver fibrosis with ultrasound shear-wave elastography: does the cause of liver disease or location of measurement affect performance? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 203(3):W267-73, 2014
Ferraioli G et al: Shear wave elastography for evaluation of liver fibrosis. J Ultrasound Med. 33(2):197-203, 2014
Buadu A et al: Small liver nodule detection with a high-frequency transducer in patients with chronic liver disease: report of 3 cases. J Ultrasound Med. 32(2):355-9, 2013
Irshad A et al: Current role of ultrasound in chronic liver disease: surveillance, diagnosis and management of hepatic neoplasms. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 41(2):43-51, 2012
Ridolfi F et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound evaluation of hepatic microvascular changes in liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol. 18(37):5225-30, 2012
Shi Y et al: Quantitative diagnosis of early-stage liver cirrhosis with contrast-enhanced ultrasound--a clinical study. Adv Clin Exp Med. 21(3):385-90, 2012
Friedrich-Rust M et al: Liver fibrosis in viral hepatitis: noninvasive assessment with acoustic radiation force impulse imaging versus transient elastography. Radiology. 252(2):595-604, 2009
Goyal N et al: Non-invasive evaluation of liver cirrhosis using ultrasound. Clin Radiol. 64(11):1056-66, 2009
Vessal S et al: Hepatic vein morphology: a new sonographic diagnostic parameter in the investigation of cirrhosis? J Ultrasound Med. 28(9):1219-27, 2009
Haktanir A et al: Value of Doppler sonography in assessing the progression of chronic viral hepatitis and in the diagnosis and grading of cirrhosis. J Ultrasound Med. 24(3):311-21, 2005
Nicolau C et al: Gray-scale ultrasound in hepatic cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis: diagnosis, screening, and intervention. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 23(1):3-18, 2002
Tchelepi H et al: Sonography of diffuse liver disease. J Ultrasound Med. 21(9):1023-32; quiz 1033-4, 2002
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References
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Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Chronic liver disease characterized by diffuse parenchymal necrosis with extensive fibrosis and regenerative nodule formation
End stage of final pathway in chronic hepatic damage
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Elastographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Kamaya A et al: HCC screening: is ultrasound still needed at transplant centers?-point: yes, ultrasound remains first line. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 216(3):579-80, 2021
Barr RG et al: Update to the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound liver elastography consensus statement. Radiology. 296(2):263-74, 2020
Expert Panel on Gastrointestinal Imaging et al: ACR Appropriateness Criteria. Chronic liver disease. J Am Coll Radiol. 17(5S):S70-80, 2020
Fetzer DT et al: Ultrasound evaluation in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiol Clin North Am. 57(3):563-83, 2019
Elsayes KM et al: Spectrum of pitfalls, pseudolesions, and potential misdiagnoses in cirrhosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 211(1):87-96, 2018
Park HS et al: Doppler ultrasound in liver cirrhosis: correlation of hepatic artery and portal vein measurements with model for end-stage liver disease score. J Ultrasound Med. 36(4):725-30, 2017
Ge PS et al: Treatment of patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 375(8):767-77, 2016
Beland MD et al: A pilot study estimating liver fibrosis with ultrasound shear-wave elastography: does the cause of liver disease or location of measurement affect performance? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 203(3):W267-73, 2014
Ferraioli G et al: Shear wave elastography for evaluation of liver fibrosis. J Ultrasound Med. 33(2):197-203, 2014
Buadu A et al: Small liver nodule detection with a high-frequency transducer in patients with chronic liver disease: report of 3 cases. J Ultrasound Med. 32(2):355-9, 2013
Irshad A et al: Current role of ultrasound in chronic liver disease: surveillance, diagnosis and management of hepatic neoplasms. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 41(2):43-51, 2012
Ridolfi F et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound evaluation of hepatic microvascular changes in liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol. 18(37):5225-30, 2012
Shi Y et al: Quantitative diagnosis of early-stage liver cirrhosis with contrast-enhanced ultrasound--a clinical study. Adv Clin Exp Med. 21(3):385-90, 2012
Friedrich-Rust M et al: Liver fibrosis in viral hepatitis: noninvasive assessment with acoustic radiation force impulse imaging versus transient elastography. Radiology. 252(2):595-604, 2009
Goyal N et al: Non-invasive evaluation of liver cirrhosis using ultrasound. Clin Radiol. 64(11):1056-66, 2009
Vessal S et al: Hepatic vein morphology: a new sonographic diagnostic parameter in the investigation of cirrhosis? J Ultrasound Med. 28(9):1219-27, 2009
Haktanir A et al: Value of Doppler sonography in assessing the progression of chronic viral hepatitis and in the diagnosis and grading of cirrhosis. J Ultrasound Med. 24(3):311-21, 2005
Nicolau C et al: Gray-scale ultrasound in hepatic cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis: diagnosis, screening, and intervention. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 23(1):3-18, 2002
Tchelepi H et al: Sonography of diffuse liver disease. J Ultrasound Med. 21(9):1023-32; quiz 1033-4, 2002
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