Heterogeneous group of lesions occurring in liver and bile ducts (among other organs) characterized by fibroblastic and myofibroblastic proliferation with inflammatory infiltrate
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Costa AF et al: Benign neoplasms, mass-like infections, and pseudotumors that mimic hepatic malignancy at MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 53(4):979-94, 2021
Hamano A et al: Difficulty in differentiating between IgG4-related hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Clin J Gastroenterol. 14(1):263-8, 2021
Kong WT et al: Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor mimicking malignancy: the value of differential diagnosis on contrast enhanced ultrasound. Med Ultrason. 23(1):15-21, 2021
Ichikawa S et al: Imaging features of hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor: distinction from colorectal liver metastasis using gadoxetate disodium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Abdom Radiol (NY). 45(8):2400-8, 2020
Chen CB et al: Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma. J Chin Med Assoc. 76(5):299-301, 2013
Fernandes T et al: Peripheral inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver and extensive thrombosis of the portal venous system in a child. Pediatr Radiol. 43(8):1041-4, 2013
Nagarajan S et al: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the liver in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 57(3):277-80, 2013
Alswat K et al: The spectrum of sclerosing cholangitis and the relevance of IgG4 elevations in routine practice. Am J Gastroenterol. 107(1):56-63, 2012
Carruthers MN et al: The latest on IgG4-RD: a rapidly emerging disease. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 24(1):60-9, 2012
Beauchamp A et al: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the liver in an elderly woman following a second liver biopsy: a case report. Bol Asoc Med P R. 103(2):60-4, 2011
Dechoux S et al: IgG4-related sclerosing disease: autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and IgG4-related cholangitis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 35(10):601, 2011
Herek D et al: Education and imaging. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: inflammatory pseudotumors of the liver. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 26(7):1217, 2011
Kim F et al: IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis and hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor without hypocomplementemia. Intern Med. 50(11):1239-44, 2011
Vlachou PA et al: IgG4-related sclerosing disease: autoimmune pancreatitis and extrapancreatic manifestations. Radiographics. 31(5):1379-402, 2011
Deng FT et al: Hilar inflammatory pseudotumor mimicking hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 9(2):219-21, 2010
Sevinç AI et al: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) of the liver: a report of two cases. Acta Chir Belg. 110(1):87-9, 2010
Tang L et al: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the liver: a cohort study. World J Surg. 34(2):309-13, 2010
Anderson SW et al: Benign hepatic tumors and iatrogenic pseudotumors. Radiographics. 29(1):211-29, 2009
Ashcroft MW et al: Biliary inflammatory pseudotumour: report of two cases and review of the literature. Clin Radiol. 64(4):449-55, 2009
Blachar A et al: Liver lesions with hepatic capsular retraction. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 30(5):426-35, 2009
Ganesan K et al: Capsular retraction: an uncommon imaging finding in hepatic inflammatory pseudotumour. Br J Radiol. 82(984):e256-60, 2009
Goldsmith PJ et al: Inflammatory pseudotumours of the liver: a spectrum of presentation and management options. Eur J Surg Oncol. 35(12):1295-8, 2009
Kamaya A et al: Hypervascular liver lesions. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 30(5):387-407, 2009
Yamamoto H et al: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor versus IgG4-related sclerosing disease and inflammatory pseudotumor: a comparative clinicopathologic study. Am J Surg Pathol. 33(9):1330-40, 2009
Liu YW et al: Hepatic pseudotumor in long-standing biliary atresia patients undergoing liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 13(11):1545-51, 2007
Tublin ME et al: Biliary inflammatory pseudotumor: imaging features in seven patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 188(1):W44-8, 2007
Koide H et al: Spontaneous regression of hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor with primary biliary cirrhosis: case report and literature review. World J Gastroenterol. 12(10):1645-8, 2006
Sasahira N et al: Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver and peripheral eosinophilia in autoimmune pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol. 11(6):922-5, 2005
Zen Y et al: IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis with and without hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor, and sclerosing pancreatitis-associated sclerosing cholangitis: do they belong to a spectrum of sclerosing pancreatitis?. Am J Surg Pathol. 28(9):1193-203, 2004
Lee SL et al: Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor: case report, review of the literature, and a proposal for morphologic classification. Pediatr Surg Int. 17(7):555-9, 2001
Torzilli G et al: Inflammatory pseudotumors of the liver: prevalence and clinical impact in surgical patients. Hepatogastroenterology. 48(40):1118-23, 2001
Nam KJ et al: Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver: CT and sonographic findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996 Aug;167(2):485-7. Erratum in: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 167(6):1598, 1996
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Biliary inflammatory pseudotumor
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT)
IgG4-related hepatopathy
Definitions
Heterogeneous group of lesions occurring in liver and bile ducts (among other organs) characterized by fibroblastic and myofibroblastic proliferation with inflammatory infiltrate
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Costa AF et al: Benign neoplasms, mass-like infections, and pseudotumors that mimic hepatic malignancy at MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 53(4):979-94, 2021
Hamano A et al: Difficulty in differentiating between IgG4-related hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Clin J Gastroenterol. 14(1):263-8, 2021
Kong WT et al: Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor mimicking malignancy: the value of differential diagnosis on contrast enhanced ultrasound. Med Ultrason. 23(1):15-21, 2021
Ichikawa S et al: Imaging features of hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor: distinction from colorectal liver metastasis using gadoxetate disodium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Abdom Radiol (NY). 45(8):2400-8, 2020
Chen CB et al: Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma. J Chin Med Assoc. 76(5):299-301, 2013
Fernandes T et al: Peripheral inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver and extensive thrombosis of the portal venous system in a child. Pediatr Radiol. 43(8):1041-4, 2013
Nagarajan S et al: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the liver in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 57(3):277-80, 2013
Alswat K et al: The spectrum of sclerosing cholangitis and the relevance of IgG4 elevations in routine practice. Am J Gastroenterol. 107(1):56-63, 2012
Carruthers MN et al: The latest on IgG4-RD: a rapidly emerging disease. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 24(1):60-9, 2012
Beauchamp A et al: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the liver in an elderly woman following a second liver biopsy: a case report. Bol Asoc Med P R. 103(2):60-4, 2011
Dechoux S et al: IgG4-related sclerosing disease: autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and IgG4-related cholangitis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 35(10):601, 2011
Herek D et al: Education and imaging. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: inflammatory pseudotumors of the liver. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 26(7):1217, 2011
Kim F et al: IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis and hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor without hypocomplementemia. Intern Med. 50(11):1239-44, 2011
Vlachou PA et al: IgG4-related sclerosing disease: autoimmune pancreatitis and extrapancreatic manifestations. Radiographics. 31(5):1379-402, 2011
Deng FT et al: Hilar inflammatory pseudotumor mimicking hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 9(2):219-21, 2010
Sevinç AI et al: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) of the liver: a report of two cases. Acta Chir Belg. 110(1):87-9, 2010
Tang L et al: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the liver: a cohort study. World J Surg. 34(2):309-13, 2010
Anderson SW et al: Benign hepatic tumors and iatrogenic pseudotumors. Radiographics. 29(1):211-29, 2009
Ashcroft MW et al: Biliary inflammatory pseudotumour: report of two cases and review of the literature. Clin Radiol. 64(4):449-55, 2009
Blachar A et al: Liver lesions with hepatic capsular retraction. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 30(5):426-35, 2009
Ganesan K et al: Capsular retraction: an uncommon imaging finding in hepatic inflammatory pseudotumour. Br J Radiol. 82(984):e256-60, 2009
Goldsmith PJ et al: Inflammatory pseudotumours of the liver: a spectrum of presentation and management options. Eur J Surg Oncol. 35(12):1295-8, 2009
Kamaya A et al: Hypervascular liver lesions. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 30(5):387-407, 2009
Yamamoto H et al: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor versus IgG4-related sclerosing disease and inflammatory pseudotumor: a comparative clinicopathologic study. Am J Surg Pathol. 33(9):1330-40, 2009
Liu YW et al: Hepatic pseudotumor in long-standing biliary atresia patients undergoing liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 13(11):1545-51, 2007
Tublin ME et al: Biliary inflammatory pseudotumor: imaging features in seven patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 188(1):W44-8, 2007
Koide H et al: Spontaneous regression of hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor with primary biliary cirrhosis: case report and literature review. World J Gastroenterol. 12(10):1645-8, 2006
Sasahira N et al: Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver and peripheral eosinophilia in autoimmune pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol. 11(6):922-5, 2005
Zen Y et al: IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis with and without hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor, and sclerosing pancreatitis-associated sclerosing cholangitis: do they belong to a spectrum of sclerosing pancreatitis?. Am J Surg Pathol. 28(9):1193-203, 2004
Lee SL et al: Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor: case report, review of the literature, and a proposal for morphologic classification. Pediatr Surg Int. 17(7):555-9, 2001
Torzilli G et al: Inflammatory pseudotumors of the liver: prevalence and clinical impact in surgical patients. Hepatogastroenterology. 48(40):1118-23, 2001
Nam KJ et al: Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver: CT and sonographic findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996 Aug;167(2):485-7. Erratum in: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 167(6):1598, 1996
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