Metastases: Malignant spread of neoplasm to hepatic parenchyma
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Fujita N et al: Hyperintense liver masses at hepatobiliary phase gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI: imaging appearances and clinical importance. Radiographics. 40(1):72-94, 2020
Ippolito D et al: Diagnostic approach in hepatic lymphoma: radiological imaging findings and literature review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 146(6):1545-58, 2020
Granata V et al: Diagnostic performance of gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI versus multidetector CT in the assessment of colorectal liver metastases compared to hepatic resection. BMC Gastroenterol. 19(1):129, 2019
Arora A et al: Additional radiologic clue to diagnosing hepatic lymphoma. Radiographics. 35(7):2149-50, 2015
Nishiwada S et al: Comparison between percutaneous radiofrequency ablation and surgical hepatectomy focusing on local disease control rate for colorectal liver metastases. Hepatogastroenterology. 61(130):436-41, 2014
Shin DS et al: Surgical resection of a malignant liver lesion: what the surgeon wants the radiologist to know. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 203(1):W21-33, 2014
Abu Hilal M et al: Oncological efficiency analysis of laparoscopic liver resection for primary and metastatic cancer: a single-center UK experience. Arch Surg. 147(1):42-8, 2012
Park SY et al: Radiofrequency ablation of hepatic metastases after curative resection of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 198(1):2, 2012
Wang CC et al: An update on chemotherapy of colorectal liver metastases. World J Gastroenterol. 18(1):25-33, 2012
Boonsirikamchai P et al: CT findings of response and recurrence, independent of change in tumor size, in colorectal liver metastasis treated with bevacizumab. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 197(6):W1060-6, 2011
Khajanchee YS et al: Hepatic resection vs minimally invasive radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of colorectal liver metastases: a Markov analysis. Arch Surg. 146(12):1416-23, 2011
Khan MS et al: Therapeutic management of patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Endocr Relat Cancer. 18 Suppl 1:S53-74, 2011
Misiakos EP et al: Current treatment for colorectal liver metastases. World J Gastroenterol. 17(36):4067-75, 2011
Xu LH et al: Imaging diagnosis of colorectal liver metastases. World J Gastroenterol. 17(42):4654-9, 2011
Zani S et al: A role for hepatic metastasectomy in stage IV melanoma and breast cancer: reestablishing the surgical modality. Oncology (Williston Park). 25(12):1158-64, 2011
Adam R et al: Patients with initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases: is there a possibility of cure?. J Clin Oncol. 27(11):1829-35, 2009
Mortensen MB et al: Laparoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy in upper gastrointestinal tract cancer patients. Surg Endosc. 2738-42, 2009
Bipat S et al: Colorectal liver metastases: CT, MR imaging, and PET for diagnosis--meta-analysis. Radiology. 237(1):123-31, 2005
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Lymphoma: Neoplasm of lymphoid tissues
Metastases: Malignant spread of neoplasm to hepatic parenchyma
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Fujita N et al: Hyperintense liver masses at hepatobiliary phase gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI: imaging appearances and clinical importance. Radiographics. 40(1):72-94, 2020
Ippolito D et al: Diagnostic approach in hepatic lymphoma: radiological imaging findings and literature review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 146(6):1545-58, 2020
Granata V et al: Diagnostic performance of gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI versus multidetector CT in the assessment of colorectal liver metastases compared to hepatic resection. BMC Gastroenterol. 19(1):129, 2019
Arora A et al: Additional radiologic clue to diagnosing hepatic lymphoma. Radiographics. 35(7):2149-50, 2015
Nishiwada S et al: Comparison between percutaneous radiofrequency ablation and surgical hepatectomy focusing on local disease control rate for colorectal liver metastases. Hepatogastroenterology. 61(130):436-41, 2014
Shin DS et al: Surgical resection of a malignant liver lesion: what the surgeon wants the radiologist to know. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 203(1):W21-33, 2014
Abu Hilal M et al: Oncological efficiency analysis of laparoscopic liver resection for primary and metastatic cancer: a single-center UK experience. Arch Surg. 147(1):42-8, 2012
Park SY et al: Radiofrequency ablation of hepatic metastases after curative resection of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 198(1):2, 2012
Wang CC et al: An update on chemotherapy of colorectal liver metastases. World J Gastroenterol. 18(1):25-33, 2012
Boonsirikamchai P et al: CT findings of response and recurrence, independent of change in tumor size, in colorectal liver metastasis treated with bevacizumab. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 197(6):W1060-6, 2011
Khajanchee YS et al: Hepatic resection vs minimally invasive radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of colorectal liver metastases: a Markov analysis. Arch Surg. 146(12):1416-23, 2011
Khan MS et al: Therapeutic management of patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Endocr Relat Cancer. 18 Suppl 1:S53-74, 2011
Misiakos EP et al: Current treatment for colorectal liver metastases. World J Gastroenterol. 17(36):4067-75, 2011
Xu LH et al: Imaging diagnosis of colorectal liver metastases. World J Gastroenterol. 17(42):4654-9, 2011
Zani S et al: A role for hepatic metastasectomy in stage IV melanoma and breast cancer: reestablishing the surgical modality. Oncology (Williston Park). 25(12):1158-64, 2011
Adam R et al: Patients with initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases: is there a possibility of cure?. J Clin Oncol. 27(11):1829-35, 2009
Mortensen MB et al: Laparoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy in upper gastrointestinal tract cancer patients. Surg Endosc. 2738-42, 2009
Bipat S et al: Colorectal liver metastases: CT, MR imaging, and PET for diagnosis--meta-analysis. Radiology. 237(1):123-31, 2005
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