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Ultrasound
Diagnosis
Liver
Diffuse Parenchymal Disease
Hepatic Schistosomiasis
Hepatic Schistosomiasis
Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR; Neha Antil, MD, DNB
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Clinical Issues

          • Diagnostic Checklist

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Synonyms

              • Bilharzia, blood fluke

            • Definitions

              • Hepatic parasitic infestation by Schistosoma species

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • Ultrasonographic Findings

                • CT Findings

                  • Imaging Recommendations

                    DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                      PATHOLOGY

                      • General Features

                        • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                          • Microscopic Features

                            CLINICAL ISSUES

                            • Presentation

                              • Demographics

                                • Natural History & Prognosis

                                  • Treatment

                                    DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                    • Consider

                                      • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                        Selected References

                                        1. Malekzadeh S et al: Typical imaging finding of hepatic infections: a pictorial essay. Abdom Radiol (NY). 46(2):544-61, 2021
                                        2. Nepal P et al: Multisystem imaging review of human schistosomiasis: characteristic imaging findings. Clin Imaging. 54:163-71, 2019
                                        3. Lambertucci JR: Revisiting the concept of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and its challenges using traditional and new tools. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 47(2):130-6, 2014
                                        4. Ma C et al: Histopathologic evaluation of liver biopsy for cirrhosis. Adv Anat Pathol. 19(4):220-30, 2012
                                        5. MacConnachie A: Schistosomiasis. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 42(1):47-9; quiz 50, 2012
                                        6. Silva LC et al: Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings in Schistosomiasis mansoni: expanded gallbladder fossa and fatty hilum signs. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 45(4):500-4, 2012
                                        7. Strahan R et al: Ultrasound study of liver disease caused by Schistosoma mansoni in rural Zambian schoolchildren. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 56(4):390-7, 2012
                                        8. Domingues AL et al: Ultrasound versus biological markers in the evaluation of periportal fibrosis in human Schistosoma mansoni. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 106(7):802-7, 2011
                                        9. Li Y et al: Severe hepatosplenic schistosomiasis: clinicopathologic study of 102 cases undergoing splenectomy. Hum Pathol. 42(1):111-9, 2011
                                        10. Silva CC et al: Schistosomiasis mansoni: ultrasound-evaluated hepatic fibrosis and serum concentrations of hyaluronic acid. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 105(3):233-9, 2011
                                        11. Wong KM et al: Clinics in diagnostic imaging (136). Chronic Schistosoma japonica infection of the liver. Singapore Med J. 52(9):694-6; quiz 697, 2011
                                        12. Carlton EJ et al: The impact of Schistosoma japonicum infection and treatment on ultrasound-detectable morbidity: a five-year cohort study in Southwest China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 4(5):e685, 2010
                                        13. Fung HS et al: Hepatic schistosomiasis. Hong Kong Med J. 15(1):75-6, 2009
                                        14. Horiuchi A et al: Hepatic ultrasound appearance and colonoscopic finding of schistosomiasis japonica. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 6(11):A24, 2008
                                        15. Mortele KJ et al: The infected liver: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 24(4):937-55, 2004
                                        16. Richter J et al: Ultrasound in tropical and parasitic diseases. Lancet. 362(9387):900-2, 2003
                                        17. Ross AG et al: Schistosomiasis. N Engl J Med. 346(16):1212-20, 2002
                                        18. WHO Expert Committee: Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 912:i-vi, 1-57, back cover, 2002
                                        19. Cesmeli E et al: Ultrasound and CT changes of liver parenchyma in acute schistosomiasis. Br J Radiol. 70(835):758-60, 1997
                                        Related Anatomy
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                                        Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                        References
                                        Tables

                                        Tables

                                        KEY FACTS

                                        • Terminology

                                          • Imaging

                                            • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                              • Clinical Issues

                                                • Diagnostic Checklist

                                                  TERMINOLOGY

                                                  • Synonyms

                                                    • Bilharzia, blood fluke

                                                  • Definitions

                                                    • Hepatic parasitic infestation by Schistosoma species

                                                  IMAGING

                                                  • General Features

                                                    • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                      • CT Findings

                                                        • Imaging Recommendations

                                                          DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                            PATHOLOGY

                                                            • General Features

                                                              • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                • Microscopic Features

                                                                  CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                  • Presentation

                                                                    • Demographics

                                                                      • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                        • Treatment

                                                                          DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                          • Consider

                                                                            • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                              Selected References

                                                                              1. Malekzadeh S et al: Typical imaging finding of hepatic infections: a pictorial essay. Abdom Radiol (NY). 46(2):544-61, 2021
                                                                              2. Nepal P et al: Multisystem imaging review of human schistosomiasis: characteristic imaging findings. Clin Imaging. 54:163-71, 2019
                                                                              3. Lambertucci JR: Revisiting the concept of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and its challenges using traditional and new tools. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 47(2):130-6, 2014
                                                                              4. Ma C et al: Histopathologic evaluation of liver biopsy for cirrhosis. Adv Anat Pathol. 19(4):220-30, 2012
                                                                              5. MacConnachie A: Schistosomiasis. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 42(1):47-9; quiz 50, 2012
                                                                              6. Silva LC et al: Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings in Schistosomiasis mansoni: expanded gallbladder fossa and fatty hilum signs. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 45(4):500-4, 2012
                                                                              7. Strahan R et al: Ultrasound study of liver disease caused by Schistosoma mansoni in rural Zambian schoolchildren. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 56(4):390-7, 2012
                                                                              8. Domingues AL et al: Ultrasound versus biological markers in the evaluation of periportal fibrosis in human Schistosoma mansoni. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 106(7):802-7, 2011
                                                                              9. Li Y et al: Severe hepatosplenic schistosomiasis: clinicopathologic study of 102 cases undergoing splenectomy. Hum Pathol. 42(1):111-9, 2011
                                                                              10. Silva CC et al: Schistosomiasis mansoni: ultrasound-evaluated hepatic fibrosis and serum concentrations of hyaluronic acid. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 105(3):233-9, 2011
                                                                              11. Wong KM et al: Clinics in diagnostic imaging (136). Chronic Schistosoma japonica infection of the liver. Singapore Med J. 52(9):694-6; quiz 697, 2011
                                                                              12. Carlton EJ et al: The impact of Schistosoma japonicum infection and treatment on ultrasound-detectable morbidity: a five-year cohort study in Southwest China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 4(5):e685, 2010
                                                                              13. Fung HS et al: Hepatic schistosomiasis. Hong Kong Med J. 15(1):75-6, 2009
                                                                              14. Horiuchi A et al: Hepatic ultrasound appearance and colonoscopic finding of schistosomiasis japonica. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 6(11):A24, 2008
                                                                              15. Mortele KJ et al: The infected liver: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 24(4):937-55, 2004
                                                                              16. Richter J et al: Ultrasound in tropical and parasitic diseases. Lancet. 362(9387):900-2, 2003
                                                                              17. Ross AG et al: Schistosomiasis. N Engl J Med. 346(16):1212-20, 2002
                                                                              18. WHO Expert Committee: Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 912:i-vi, 1-57, back cover, 2002
                                                                              19. Cesmeli E et al: Ultrasound and CT changes of liver parenchyma in acute schistosomiasis. Br J Radiol. 70(835):758-60, 1997