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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Opportunistic infection of liver (± other viscera), usually by fungal or mycobacterial organisms
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Gaba S et al: Tuberculosis presenting as hepatic and splenic microabscesses. Cureus. 12(5):e8247, 2020
- Schwerz S et al: Hepatic candidiasis mimicking lymphoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT in a patient with T cell lymphoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 47(12):2925-6, 2020
- Yang C et al: Primary isolated hepatic tuberculosis mimicking small hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 99(41):e22580, 2020
- Orlowski HLP et al: Imaging spectrum of invasive fungal and fungal-like infections. Radiographics. 37(4):1119-34, 2017
- Bächler P et al: Multimodality imaging of liver infections: differential diagnosis and potential pitfalls. Radiographics. 36(4):1001-23, 2016
- Simon J et al: Echinocandins in invasive candidiasis. Mycoses. 56(6):601-9, 2013
- Yellapu RK et al: Education and Imaging. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: Candida liver abscesses associated with endocarditis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 25(5):1017, 2010
- Kim HJ et al: Isolated perihepatic tuberculosis: imaging findings. Clin Radiol. 64(2):184-9, 2009
- Amarapurkar DN et al: Hepatobiliary tuberculosis in western India. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 51(2):175-81, 2008
- Benedetti NJ et al: Imaging of hepatic infections. Ultrasound Q. 24(4):267-78, 2008
- Saluja SS et al: Hepatobiliary and pancreatic tuberculosis: a two decade experience. BMC Surg. 7:10, 2007
- Masood A et al: Chronic disseminated candidiasis in patients with acute leukemia: emphasis on diagnostic definition and treatment. Leuk Res. 29(5):493-501, 2005
- Rudolph J et al: Unusual enhancement pattern of liver lesions in hepatosplenic candidiasis. Acta Radiol. 45(5):499-503, 2004
- Hanninen EL et al: Detection of focal liver lesions at biphasic spiral CT: randomized double-blind study of the effect of iodine concentration in contrast materials. Radiology. 216(2):403-9, 2000
- Wig JD et al: Cholangitis due to candidiasis of the extra-hepatic biliary tract. HPB Surg. 11(1):51-4, 1998
- Pestalozzi BC et al: Hepatic lesions of chronic disseminated candidiasis may become invisible during neutropenia. Blood. 90(10):3858-64, 1997
- Semelka RC et al: Hepatosplenic fungal disease: diagnostic accuracy and spectrum of appearances on MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 169(5):1311-6, 1997
- Giamarellou H et al: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and therapy of fungal infections in surgery. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 17(8):558-64, 1996
- van Leeuwen MS et al: Focal liver lesions: characterization with triphasic spiral CT. Radiology. 201(2):327-36, 1996
- Lamminen AE et al: Infectious liver foci in leukemia: comparison of short-inversion-time inversion-recovery, T1-weighted spin-echo, and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology. 191(2):539-43, 1994
- Olcott EW et al: Polyarteritis nodosa mimicking hepatic candidiasis on postcontrast CT. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 18(2):305-7, 1994
- Semelka RC et al: Detection of acute and treated lesions of hepatosplenic candidiasis: comparison of dynamic contrast-enhanced CT and MR imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2(3):341-5, 1992
- Meunier F: Candidiasis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 8(5):438-47, 1989
- Cunha BA: Systemic infections affecting the liver. Some cause jaundice, some do not. Postgrad Med. 84(5):148-58, 161-3, 166-8, 1988
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Opportunistic infection of liver (± other viscera), usually by fungal or mycobacterial organisms
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Gaba S et al: Tuberculosis presenting as hepatic and splenic microabscesses. Cureus. 12(5):e8247, 2020
- Schwerz S et al: Hepatic candidiasis mimicking lymphoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT in a patient with T cell lymphoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 47(12):2925-6, 2020
- Yang C et al: Primary isolated hepatic tuberculosis mimicking small hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 99(41):e22580, 2020
- Orlowski HLP et al: Imaging spectrum of invasive fungal and fungal-like infections. Radiographics. 37(4):1119-34, 2017
- Bächler P et al: Multimodality imaging of liver infections: differential diagnosis and potential pitfalls. Radiographics. 36(4):1001-23, 2016
- Simon J et al: Echinocandins in invasive candidiasis. Mycoses. 56(6):601-9, 2013
- Yellapu RK et al: Education and Imaging. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: Candida liver abscesses associated with endocarditis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 25(5):1017, 2010
- Kim HJ et al: Isolated perihepatic tuberculosis: imaging findings. Clin Radiol. 64(2):184-9, 2009
- Amarapurkar DN et al: Hepatobiliary tuberculosis in western India. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 51(2):175-81, 2008
- Benedetti NJ et al: Imaging of hepatic infections. Ultrasound Q. 24(4):267-78, 2008
- Saluja SS et al: Hepatobiliary and pancreatic tuberculosis: a two decade experience. BMC Surg. 7:10, 2007
- Masood A et al: Chronic disseminated candidiasis in patients with acute leukemia: emphasis on diagnostic definition and treatment. Leuk Res. 29(5):493-501, 2005
- Rudolph J et al: Unusual enhancement pattern of liver lesions in hepatosplenic candidiasis. Acta Radiol. 45(5):499-503, 2004
- Hanninen EL et al: Detection of focal liver lesions at biphasic spiral CT: randomized double-blind study of the effect of iodine concentration in contrast materials. Radiology. 216(2):403-9, 2000
- Wig JD et al: Cholangitis due to candidiasis of the extra-hepatic biliary tract. HPB Surg. 11(1):51-4, 1998
- Pestalozzi BC et al: Hepatic lesions of chronic disseminated candidiasis may become invisible during neutropenia. Blood. 90(10):3858-64, 1997
- Semelka RC et al: Hepatosplenic fungal disease: diagnostic accuracy and spectrum of appearances on MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 169(5):1311-6, 1997
- Giamarellou H et al: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and therapy of fungal infections in surgery. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 17(8):558-64, 1996
- van Leeuwen MS et al: Focal liver lesions: characterization with triphasic spiral CT. Radiology. 201(2):327-36, 1996
- Lamminen AE et al: Infectious liver foci in leukemia: comparison of short-inversion-time inversion-recovery, T1-weighted spin-echo, and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology. 191(2):539-43, 1994
- Olcott EW et al: Polyarteritis nodosa mimicking hepatic candidiasis on postcontrast CT. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 18(2):305-7, 1994
- Semelka RC et al: Detection of acute and treated lesions of hepatosplenic candidiasis: comparison of dynamic contrast-enhanced CT and MR imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2(3):341-5, 1992
- Meunier F: Candidiasis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 8(5):438-47, 1989
- Cunha BA: Systemic infections affecting the liver. Some cause jaundice, some do not. Postgrad Med. 84(5):148-58, 161-3, 166-8, 1988
