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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Whole-liver allograft (cadaver donor)
Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT)
Included from donor
Intact inferior vena cava (IVC): Anastomosed end-to-end or as "piggyback" side-to-side
Hepatic artery (HA): Anastomosed end-to-end, sometimes with aortic (Carrel) patch
Portal vein (PV): End-to-end anastomosis
Bile duct: Anastomosed end-to-end with recipient duct (70%) or to Roux limb
Cadaver split liver (2 halves to separate recipients)
Right lobe to adult recipient (IVC, HA, PV, bile duct)
Left lobe to child recipient (complex anastomoses)
Living donor transplant
Child recipient: Generally receives lateral segment of donor liver
Adult recipient: Receives right lobe of donor liver
Complex biliary and vascular anastomoses
IMAGING
Imaging Recommendations
Normal Posttransplantation Findings
Pretransplantation Evaluation
Allograft Rejection
Biliary Complications
Vascular Complications
Recurrent Disease Within Allograft
Extrahepatic Complications
CLINICAL ISSUES
Natural History & Prognosis
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Horrow MM et al: Complications after liver transplant related to preexisting conditions: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Radiographics. 40(3):895-909, 2020
Sannananja B et al: Tricky findings in liver transplant imaging: a review of pitfalls with solutions. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 47(3):179-88, 2018
Girometti R et al: Imaging of liver transplantation. Eur J Radiol. 93:295-307, 2017
Baheti AD et al: Surgical techniques and imaging complications of liver transplant. Radiol Clin North Am. 54(2):199-215, 2016
Lai Q et al: Hepatocellular cancer: how to expand safely inclusion criteria for liver transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 19(3):229-34, 2014
Song GW et al: Living donor liver transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 19(3):217-22, 2014
Liu YI et al: Multidetector computed tomography triphasic evaluation of the liver before transplantation: importance of equilibrium phase washout and morphology for characterizing hypervascular lesions. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 36(2):213-9, 2012
Singh AK et al: Imaging of preoperative liver transplantation in adults: what radiologists should know. Radiographics. 31(4):1017-30, 2011
Miraglia R et al: Interventional radiology procedures in pediatric patients with complications after liver transplantation. Radiographics. 29(2):567-84, 2009
Chen HL et al: Diagnosis and interventional radiological treatment of vascular and biliary complications after liver transplantation in children with biliary atresia. Transplant Proc. 40(8):2534-6, 2008
Ko GY et al: Early posttransplant hepatic venous outflow obstruction: long-term efficacy of primary stent placement. Liver Transpl. 14(10):1505-11, 2008
Caiado AH et al: Complications of liver transplantation: multimodality imaging approach. Radiographics. 27(5):1401-17, 2007
Zhang BL et al: Early sonographic assessment of Budd-Chiari syndrome after orthotopic liver transplantation. J Clin Ultrasound. 35(8):458-61, 2007
Berrocal T et al: Pediatric liver transplantation: a pictorial essay of early and late complications. Radiographics. 26(4):1187-209, 2006
Nishida S et al: Intrahepatic biliary strictures after liver transplantation. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 13(6):511-6, 2006
Shin JH et al: Endovascular stent placement for interposed middle hepatic vein graft occlusion after living-donor liver transplantation using right-lobe graft. Liver Transpl. 12(2):269-76, 2006
Thuluvath PJ et al: Biliary complications after liver transplantation: the role of endoscopy. Endoscopy. 37(9):857-63, 2005
Wang SL et al: Treatment of hepatic venous outflow obstruction after piggyback liver transplantation. Radiology. 236(1):352-9, 2005
Boraschi P et al: Complications of orthotopic liver transplantation: imaging findings. Abdom Imaging. 29(2):189-202, 2004
Huang DZ et al: The value of color Doppler ultrasonography in monitoring normal orthotopic liver transplantation and postoperative complications. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2(1):54-8, 2003
Ko GY et al: Endovascular treatment of hepatic venous outflow obstruction after living-donor liver transplantation. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 13(6):591-9, 2002
Cheng YF et al: Interventional radiologic procedures in liver transplantation. Transpl Int. 14(4):223-9, 2001
Inomata Y et al: Pathogenesis and treatment of bile duct loss after liver transplantation. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 8(4):316-22, 2001
Barton P et al: Biliary sludge after liver transplantation: 2. Treatment with interventional techniques versus surgery and/or oral chemolysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 164(4):865-9, 1995
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Whole-liver allograft (cadaver donor)
Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT)
Included from donor
Intact inferior vena cava (IVC): Anastomosed end-to-end or as "piggyback" side-to-side
Hepatic artery (HA): Anastomosed end-to-end, sometimes with aortic (Carrel) patch
Portal vein (PV): End-to-end anastomosis
Bile duct: Anastomosed end-to-end with recipient duct (70%) or to Roux limb
Cadaver split liver (2 halves to separate recipients)
Right lobe to adult recipient (IVC, HA, PV, bile duct)
Left lobe to child recipient (complex anastomoses)
Living donor transplant
Child recipient: Generally receives lateral segment of donor liver
Adult recipient: Receives right lobe of donor liver
Complex biliary and vascular anastomoses
IMAGING
Imaging Recommendations
Normal Posttransplantation Findings
Pretransplantation Evaluation
Allograft Rejection
Biliary Complications
Vascular Complications
Recurrent Disease Within Allograft
Extrahepatic Complications
CLINICAL ISSUES
Natural History & Prognosis
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Horrow MM et al: Complications after liver transplant related to preexisting conditions: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Radiographics. 40(3):895-909, 2020
Sannananja B et al: Tricky findings in liver transplant imaging: a review of pitfalls with solutions. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 47(3):179-88, 2018
Girometti R et al: Imaging of liver transplantation. Eur J Radiol. 93:295-307, 2017
Baheti AD et al: Surgical techniques and imaging complications of liver transplant. Radiol Clin North Am. 54(2):199-215, 2016
Lai Q et al: Hepatocellular cancer: how to expand safely inclusion criteria for liver transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 19(3):229-34, 2014
Song GW et al: Living donor liver transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 19(3):217-22, 2014
Liu YI et al: Multidetector computed tomography triphasic evaluation of the liver before transplantation: importance of equilibrium phase washout and morphology for characterizing hypervascular lesions. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 36(2):213-9, 2012
Singh AK et al: Imaging of preoperative liver transplantation in adults: what radiologists should know. Radiographics. 31(4):1017-30, 2011
Miraglia R et al: Interventional radiology procedures in pediatric patients with complications after liver transplantation. Radiographics. 29(2):567-84, 2009
Chen HL et al: Diagnosis and interventional radiological treatment of vascular and biliary complications after liver transplantation in children with biliary atresia. Transplant Proc. 40(8):2534-6, 2008
Ko GY et al: Early posttransplant hepatic venous outflow obstruction: long-term efficacy of primary stent placement. Liver Transpl. 14(10):1505-11, 2008
Caiado AH et al: Complications of liver transplantation: multimodality imaging approach. Radiographics. 27(5):1401-17, 2007
Zhang BL et al: Early sonographic assessment of Budd-Chiari syndrome after orthotopic liver transplantation. J Clin Ultrasound. 35(8):458-61, 2007
Berrocal T et al: Pediatric liver transplantation: a pictorial essay of early and late complications. Radiographics. 26(4):1187-209, 2006
Nishida S et al: Intrahepatic biliary strictures after liver transplantation. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 13(6):511-6, 2006
Shin JH et al: Endovascular stent placement for interposed middle hepatic vein graft occlusion after living-donor liver transplantation using right-lobe graft. Liver Transpl. 12(2):269-76, 2006
Thuluvath PJ et al: Biliary complications after liver transplantation: the role of endoscopy. Endoscopy. 37(9):857-63, 2005
Wang SL et al: Treatment of hepatic venous outflow obstruction after piggyback liver transplantation. Radiology. 236(1):352-9, 2005
Boraschi P et al: Complications of orthotopic liver transplantation: imaging findings. Abdom Imaging. 29(2):189-202, 2004
Huang DZ et al: The value of color Doppler ultrasonography in monitoring normal orthotopic liver transplantation and postoperative complications. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2(1):54-8, 2003
Ko GY et al: Endovascular treatment of hepatic venous outflow obstruction after living-donor liver transplantation. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 13(6):591-9, 2002
Cheng YF et al: Interventional radiologic procedures in liver transplantation. Transpl Int. 14(4):223-9, 2001
Inomata Y et al: Pathogenesis and treatment of bile duct loss after liver transplantation. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 8(4):316-22, 2001
Barton P et al: Biliary sludge after liver transplantation: 2. Treatment with interventional techniques versus surgery and/or oral chemolysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 164(4):865-9, 1995
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