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KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Liver or hepatic injury
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Gilyard S et al: Contemporary management of hepatic trauma: what IRs Need to Know. Semin Intervent Radiol. 37(1):35-43, 2020
Sodagari F et al: Imaging evaluation of abdominopelvic gunshot trauma. Radiographics. 40(6):1766-88, 2020
Ruscelli P et al: The role of grade of injury in non-operative management of blunt hepatic and splenic trauma: case series from a multicenter experience. Medicine (Baltimore). 98(35):e16746, 2019
Kozar RA et al: Organ injury scaling 2018 update: spleen, liver, and kidney. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 85(6):1119-22, 2018
Kaptanoglu L et al: Current approach to liver traumas. Int J Surg. 39:255-9, 2017
Orr KE et al: MDCT of retractor-related hepatic injury following laparoscopic surgery: appearances, incidence, and follow-up. Clin Radiol. 69(6):606-10, 2014
Bala M et al: Complications of high grade liver injuries: management and outcome with focus on bile leaks. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 20(1):20, 2012
Li Petri S et al: Surgical management of complex liver trauma: a single liver transplant center experience. Am Surg. 78(1):20-5, 2012
Pachter HL: Prometheus bound: evolution in the management of hepatic trauma--from myth to reality. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 72(2):321-9, 2012
Cohn SM et al: Computed tomography grading systems poorly predict the need for intervention after spleen and liver injuries. Am Surg. 75(2):133-9, 2009
Cox JC et al: Routine follow-up imaging is unnecessary in the management of blunt hepatic injury. J Trauma. 59(5):1175-8; discussion 1178-80, 2005
Sharma OP et al: Assessment of nonoperative management of blunt spleen and liver trauma. Am Surg. 71(5):379-86, 2005
Yao DC et al: Using contrast-enhanced helical CT to visualize arterial extravasation after blunt abdominal trauma: incidence and organ distribution. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(1):17-20, 2002
Patten RM et al: CT detection of hepatic and splenic injuries: usefulness of liver window settings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 175(4):1107-10, 2000
Poletti PA et al: CT criteria for management of blunt liver trauma: correlation with angiographic and surgical findings. Radiology. 216(2):418-27, 2000
Becker CD et al: Blunt hepatic trauma in adults: correlation of CT injury grading with outcome. Radiology. 201(1):215-20, 1996
Mirvis SE et al: Blunt hepatic trauma in adults: CT-based classification and correlation with prognosis and treatment. Radiology. 171(1):27-32, 1989
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Liver or hepatic injury
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Gilyard S et al: Contemporary management of hepatic trauma: what IRs Need to Know. Semin Intervent Radiol. 37(1):35-43, 2020
Sodagari F et al: Imaging evaluation of abdominopelvic gunshot trauma. Radiographics. 40(6):1766-88, 2020
Ruscelli P et al: The role of grade of injury in non-operative management of blunt hepatic and splenic trauma: case series from a multicenter experience. Medicine (Baltimore). 98(35):e16746, 2019
Kozar RA et al: Organ injury scaling 2018 update: spleen, liver, and kidney. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 85(6):1119-22, 2018
Kaptanoglu L et al: Current approach to liver traumas. Int J Surg. 39:255-9, 2017
Orr KE et al: MDCT of retractor-related hepatic injury following laparoscopic surgery: appearances, incidence, and follow-up. Clin Radiol. 69(6):606-10, 2014
Bala M et al: Complications of high grade liver injuries: management and outcome with focus on bile leaks. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 20(1):20, 2012
Li Petri S et al: Surgical management of complex liver trauma: a single liver transplant center experience. Am Surg. 78(1):20-5, 2012
Pachter HL: Prometheus bound: evolution in the management of hepatic trauma--from myth to reality. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 72(2):321-9, 2012
Cohn SM et al: Computed tomography grading systems poorly predict the need for intervention after spleen and liver injuries. Am Surg. 75(2):133-9, 2009
Cox JC et al: Routine follow-up imaging is unnecessary in the management of blunt hepatic injury. J Trauma. 59(5):1175-8; discussion 1178-80, 2005
Sharma OP et al: Assessment of nonoperative management of blunt spleen and liver trauma. Am Surg. 71(5):379-86, 2005
Yao DC et al: Using contrast-enhanced helical CT to visualize arterial extravasation after blunt abdominal trauma: incidence and organ distribution. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(1):17-20, 2002
Patten RM et al: CT detection of hepatic and splenic injuries: usefulness of liver window settings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 175(4):1107-10, 2000
Poletti PA et al: CT criteria for management of blunt liver trauma: correlation with angiographic and surgical findings. Radiology. 216(2):418-27, 2000
Becker CD et al: Blunt hepatic trauma in adults: correlation of CT injury grading with outcome. Radiology. 201(1):215-20, 1996
Mirvis SE et al: Blunt hepatic trauma in adults: CT-based classification and correlation with prognosis and treatment. Radiology. 171(1):27-32, 1989
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