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KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Liver or hepatic laceration, fracture, or injury
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Dodgion CM et al: National trends in pediatric blunt spleen and liver injury management and potential benefits of an abbreviated bed rest protocol. J Pediatr Surg. 49(6):1004-8; discussion 1008, 2014
Soukup ES et al: Treatment and outcome of traumatic biliary injuries in children. J Pediatr Surg. 49(2):345-8, 2014
Ong CC et al: Primary hepatic artery embolization in pediatric blunt hepatic trauma. J Pediatr Surg. 47(12):2316-20, 2012
Safavi A et al: Traumatic pseudoaneurysms of the liver and spleen in children: is routine screening warranted? J Pediatr Surg. 46(5):938-41, 2011
van der Vlies CH et al: The failure rate of nonoperative management in children with splenic or liver injury with contrast blush on computed tomography: a systematic review. J Pediatr Surg. 45(5):1044-9, 2010
Catalano O et al: CEUS in abdominal trauma: multi-center study. Abdom Imaging. 34(2):225-34, 2009
McVay MR et al: Throwing out the "grade" book: management of isolated spleen and liver injury based on hemodynamic status. J Pediatr Surg. 43(6):1072-6, 2008
Deluca JA et al: Injuries associated with pediatric liver trauma. Am Surg. 73(1):37-41, 2007
Giss SR et al: Complications of nonoperative management of pediatric blunt hepatic injury: diagnosis, management, and outcomes. J Trauma. 61(2):334-9, 2006
Yoon W et al: CT in blunt liver trauma. Radiographics. 25(1):87-104, 2005
Eubanks JW 3rd et al: Significance of 'blush' on computed tomography scan in children with liver injury. J Pediatr Surg. 38(3):363-6; discussion 363-6, 2003
Patten RM et al: CT detection of hepatic and splenic injuries: usefulness of liver window settings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 175(4):1107-10, 2000
Stylianos S: Evidence-based guidelines for resource utilization in children with isolated spleen or liver injury. The APSA Trauma Committee. J Pediatr Surg. 35(2):164-7; discussion 167-9, 2000
Shilyansky J et al: Delayed hemorrhage after nonoperative management of blunt hepatic trauma in children: a rare but significant event. J Pediatr Surg. 34(1):60-4, 1999
Sidhu MK et al: Post-traumatic hepatic pseudoaneurysms in children. Pediatr Radiol. 29(1):46-52, 1999
Bond SJ et al: Nonoperative management of blunt hepatic and splenic injury in children. Ann Surg. 223(3):286-9, 1996
Moore EE et al: Organ injury scaling: spleen and liver (1994 revision). J Trauma. 38(3):323-4, 1995
Mirvis SE et al: Blunt hepatic trauma in adults: CT-based classification and correlation with prognosis and treatment. Radiology. 171(1):27-32, 1989
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Liver or hepatic laceration, fracture, or injury
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Dodgion CM et al: National trends in pediatric blunt spleen and liver injury management and potential benefits of an abbreviated bed rest protocol. J Pediatr Surg. 49(6):1004-8; discussion 1008, 2014
Soukup ES et al: Treatment and outcome of traumatic biliary injuries in children. J Pediatr Surg. 49(2):345-8, 2014
Ong CC et al: Primary hepatic artery embolization in pediatric blunt hepatic trauma. J Pediatr Surg. 47(12):2316-20, 2012
Safavi A et al: Traumatic pseudoaneurysms of the liver and spleen in children: is routine screening warranted? J Pediatr Surg. 46(5):938-41, 2011
van der Vlies CH et al: The failure rate of nonoperative management in children with splenic or liver injury with contrast blush on computed tomography: a systematic review. J Pediatr Surg. 45(5):1044-9, 2010
Catalano O et al: CEUS in abdominal trauma: multi-center study. Abdom Imaging. 34(2):225-34, 2009
McVay MR et al: Throwing out the "grade" book: management of isolated spleen and liver injury based on hemodynamic status. J Pediatr Surg. 43(6):1072-6, 2008
Deluca JA et al: Injuries associated with pediatric liver trauma. Am Surg. 73(1):37-41, 2007
Giss SR et al: Complications of nonoperative management of pediatric blunt hepatic injury: diagnosis, management, and outcomes. J Trauma. 61(2):334-9, 2006
Yoon W et al: CT in blunt liver trauma. Radiographics. 25(1):87-104, 2005
Eubanks JW 3rd et al: Significance of 'blush' on computed tomography scan in children with liver injury. J Pediatr Surg. 38(3):363-6; discussion 363-6, 2003
Patten RM et al: CT detection of hepatic and splenic injuries: usefulness of liver window settings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 175(4):1107-10, 2000
Stylianos S: Evidence-based guidelines for resource utilization in children with isolated spleen or liver injury. The APSA Trauma Committee. J Pediatr Surg. 35(2):164-7; discussion 167-9, 2000
Shilyansky J et al: Delayed hemorrhage after nonoperative management of blunt hepatic trauma in children: a rare but significant event. J Pediatr Surg. 34(1):60-4, 1999
Sidhu MK et al: Post-traumatic hepatic pseudoaneurysms in children. Pediatr Radiol. 29(1):46-52, 1999
Bond SJ et al: Nonoperative management of blunt hepatic and splenic injury in children. Ann Surg. 223(3):286-9, 1996
Moore EE et al: Organ injury scaling: spleen and liver (1994 revision). J Trauma. 38(3):323-4, 1995
Mirvis SE et al: Blunt hepatic trauma in adults: CT-based classification and correlation with prognosis and treatment. Radiology. 171(1):27-32, 1989
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