Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Malignant tumor of hepatocytes
Hepatobiliary agent (HBA): MR contrast agent with substantial hepatocyte uptake & retention with biliary excretion
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
D'Souza AM et al: Clinical heterogeneity of pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 67(6):e28307, 2020
Schooler GR et al: pediatric hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other hepatic neoplasms: consensus imaging recommendations from American College of Radiology Pediatric Liver Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) Working Group. Radiology. 296(3):493-7, 2020
Ludwig DR et al: Diagnostic performance of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) v2017 in predicting malignant liver lesions in pediatric patients: a preliminary study. Pediatr Radiol. 49(6):746-58, 2019
Weeda VB et al: Is hepatocellular carcinoma the same disease in children and adults? Comparison of histology, molecular background, and treatment in pediatric and adult patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 66(2):e27475, 2019
Towbin AJ et al: 2017 PRETEXT: radiologic staging system for primary hepatic malignancies of childhood revised for the Paediatric Hepatic International Tumour Trial (PHITT). Pediatr Radiol. 48(4):536-54, 2018
Lau CS et al: Hepatocellular carcinoma in the pediatric population: a population based clinical outcomes study involving 257 patients from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end result (SEER) database (1973-2011). HPB Surg. 2015:670728, 2015
Allan BJ et al: A review of 218 pediatric cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Pediatr Surg. 49(1):166-71; discussion 171, 2014
McAteer JP et al: Hepatocellular carcinoma in children: epidemiology and the impact of regional lymphadenectomy on surgical outcomes. J Pediatr Surg. 48(11):2194-201, 2013
Chung EM et al: From the archives of the AFIP: Pediatric liver masses: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Part 2. Malignant tumors. Radiographics. 31(2):483-507, 2011
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Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Malignant tumor of hepatocytes
Hepatobiliary agent (HBA): MR contrast agent with substantial hepatocyte uptake & retention with biliary excretion
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
D'Souza AM et al: Clinical heterogeneity of pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 67(6):e28307, 2020
Schooler GR et al: pediatric hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other hepatic neoplasms: consensus imaging recommendations from American College of Radiology Pediatric Liver Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) Working Group. Radiology. 296(3):493-7, 2020
Ludwig DR et al: Diagnostic performance of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) v2017 in predicting malignant liver lesions in pediatric patients: a preliminary study. Pediatr Radiol. 49(6):746-58, 2019
Weeda VB et al: Is hepatocellular carcinoma the same disease in children and adults? Comparison of histology, molecular background, and treatment in pediatric and adult patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 66(2):e27475, 2019
Towbin AJ et al: 2017 PRETEXT: radiologic staging system for primary hepatic malignancies of childhood revised for the Paediatric Hepatic International Tumour Trial (PHITT). Pediatr Radiol. 48(4):536-54, 2018
Lau CS et al: Hepatocellular carcinoma in the pediatric population: a population based clinical outcomes study involving 257 patients from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end result (SEER) database (1973-2011). HPB Surg. 2015:670728, 2015
Allan BJ et al: A review of 218 pediatric cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Pediatr Surg. 49(1):166-71; discussion 171, 2014
McAteer JP et al: Hepatocellular carcinoma in children: epidemiology and the impact of regional lymphadenectomy on surgical outcomes. J Pediatr Surg. 48(11):2194-201, 2013
Chung EM et al: From the archives of the AFIP: Pediatric liver masses: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Part 2. Malignant tumors. Radiographics. 31(2):483-507, 2011
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