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Hepatomegaly
Atif Zaheer, MD, FSARMichael P. Federle, MD, FACR
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Clinical Issues

          • Diagnostic Checklist

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Definitions

              • Enlargement of liver due to underlying pathologic process

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • Imaging Recommendations

                • Radiographic Findings

                  • CT Findings

                    • MR Findings

                      • Ultrasonographic Findings

                        DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                          PATHOLOGY

                          • General Features

                            • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                              • Microscopic Features

                                CLINICAL ISSUES

                                • Presentation

                                  • Demographics

                                    • Natural History & Prognosis

                                      • Treatment

                                        DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                        • Consider

                                          • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                            Selected References

                                            1. Ghadimi M et al: Advances in imaging of diffuse parenchymal liver disease. J Clin Gastroenterol. 54(8):682-95, 2020
                                            2. Leao Filho H et al: Other types of diffuse liver disease: is there a way to do it? Abdom Radiol (NY). 45(11):3425-43, 2020
                                            3. Thomaides-Brears HB et al: Multiparametric MR mapping in clinical decision-making for diffuse liver disease. Abdom Radiol (NY). 45(11):3507-22, 2020
                                            4. Curtis WA et al: Quantitative MRI of diffuse liver disease: current applications and future directions. Radiology. 290(1):23-30, 2019
                                            5. Mogrovejo E et al: Characterization of the syndrome of acute liver failure caused by metastases from breast carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci. 59(4):724-36, 2014
                                            6. Gao H et al: Definitive diagnosis of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome induced by pyrrolizidine alkaloids. J Dig Dis. 13(1):33-9, 2012
                                            7. Gertz MA: How to manage primary amyloidosis. Leukemia. 26(2):191-8, 2012
                                            8. Udell JA et al: Does this patient with liver disease have cirrhosis? JAMA. 307(8):832-42, 2012
                                            9. Mallavarapu KM et al: Multiple myeloma presenting with hepatosplenomegaly. J Assoc Physicians India. 59:456-8, 2011
                                            10. Patel M et al: Characterization of computed tomography scan abnormalities in patients with biopsy-proven hepatic metastases from uveal melanoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 129(12):1576-82, 2011
                                            11. Valayannopoulos V et al: Successful treatment of severe cardiomyopathy in glycogen storage disease type III with D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate, ketogenic and high-protein diet. Pediatr Res. 70(6):638-41, 2011
                                            12. Weitz N et al: Education and imaging. Gastrointestinal: metastatic ocular melanoma causing massive hepatomegaly. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 26(10):1577, 2011
                                            13. Wilson S et al: Hepatosplenomegaly associated with chronic malaria exposure: evidence for a pro-inflammatory mechanism exacerbated by schistosomiasis. Parasite Immunol. 31(2):64-71, 2009
                                            14. Wilson S et al: Hepatosplenomegaly in Kenyan schoolchildren: exacerbation by concurrent chronic exposure to malaria and Schistosoma mansoni infection. Trop Med Int Health. 12(12):1442-9, 2007
                                            15. Oliva MR et al: Computed tomography features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with histopathologic correlation. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 30(1):37-43, 2006
                                            16. van Hoek B: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a brief review. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. (241):56-9, 2004
                                            17. Grazioli L et al: Liver adenomatosis: clinical, histopathologic, and imaging findings in 15 patients. Radiology. 216(2):395-402, 2000
                                            Related Anatomy
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                                            Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                            References
                                            Tables

                                            Tables

                                            KEY FACTS

                                            • Terminology

                                              • Imaging

                                                • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                  • Clinical Issues

                                                    • Diagnostic Checklist

                                                      TERMINOLOGY

                                                      • Definitions

                                                        • Enlargement of liver due to underlying pathologic process

                                                      IMAGING

                                                      • General Features

                                                        • Imaging Recommendations

                                                          • Radiographic Findings

                                                            • CT Findings

                                                              • MR Findings

                                                                • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                    PATHOLOGY

                                                                    • General Features

                                                                      • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                        • Microscopic Features

                                                                          CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                          • Presentation

                                                                            • Demographics

                                                                              • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                                • Treatment

                                                                                  DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                                  • Consider

                                                                                    • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                                      Selected References

                                                                                      1. Ghadimi M et al: Advances in imaging of diffuse parenchymal liver disease. J Clin Gastroenterol. 54(8):682-95, 2020
                                                                                      2. Leao Filho H et al: Other types of diffuse liver disease: is there a way to do it? Abdom Radiol (NY). 45(11):3425-43, 2020
                                                                                      3. Thomaides-Brears HB et al: Multiparametric MR mapping in clinical decision-making for diffuse liver disease. Abdom Radiol (NY). 45(11):3507-22, 2020
                                                                                      4. Curtis WA et al: Quantitative MRI of diffuse liver disease: current applications and future directions. Radiology. 290(1):23-30, 2019
                                                                                      5. Mogrovejo E et al: Characterization of the syndrome of acute liver failure caused by metastases from breast carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci. 59(4):724-36, 2014
                                                                                      6. Gao H et al: Definitive diagnosis of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome induced by pyrrolizidine alkaloids. J Dig Dis. 13(1):33-9, 2012
                                                                                      7. Gertz MA: How to manage primary amyloidosis. Leukemia. 26(2):191-8, 2012
                                                                                      8. Udell JA et al: Does this patient with liver disease have cirrhosis? JAMA. 307(8):832-42, 2012
                                                                                      9. Mallavarapu KM et al: Multiple myeloma presenting with hepatosplenomegaly. J Assoc Physicians India. 59:456-8, 2011
                                                                                      10. Patel M et al: Characterization of computed tomography scan abnormalities in patients with biopsy-proven hepatic metastases from uveal melanoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 129(12):1576-82, 2011
                                                                                      11. Valayannopoulos V et al: Successful treatment of severe cardiomyopathy in glycogen storage disease type III with D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate, ketogenic and high-protein diet. Pediatr Res. 70(6):638-41, 2011
                                                                                      12. Weitz N et al: Education and imaging. Gastrointestinal: metastatic ocular melanoma causing massive hepatomegaly. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 26(10):1577, 2011
                                                                                      13. Wilson S et al: Hepatosplenomegaly associated with chronic malaria exposure: evidence for a pro-inflammatory mechanism exacerbated by schistosomiasis. Parasite Immunol. 31(2):64-71, 2009
                                                                                      14. Wilson S et al: Hepatosplenomegaly in Kenyan schoolchildren: exacerbation by concurrent chronic exposure to malaria and Schistosoma mansoni infection. Trop Med Int Health. 12(12):1442-9, 2007
                                                                                      15. Oliva MR et al: Computed tomography features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with histopathologic correlation. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 30(1):37-43, 2006
                                                                                      16. van Hoek B: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a brief review. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. (241):56-9, 2004
                                                                                      17. Grazioli L et al: Liver adenomatosis: clinical, histopathologic, and imaging findings in 15 patients. Radiology. 216(2):395-402, 2000