Bookmarks
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE)
Definitions
- Older children and adults: Brain parenchyma infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1)
- Typically reactivation in immunocompetent patients
- Neonates and infants: HSV2
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Gayretli Aydin ZG et al: Acyclovir unresponsive herpes simplex encephalitis in a child successfully treated with the addition of Foscarnet: case report. Arch Argent Pediatr. 117(1):e47-51, 2019
- Rabinstein AA: Herpes virus encephalitis in adults: current knowledge and old myths. Neurol Clin. 35(4):695-705, 2017
- Hatanpaa KJ et al: Neuropathology of viral infections. Handb Clin Neurol. 123:193-214, 2014
- Mahan M et al: Neuroimaging of viral infections of the central nervous system. Handb Clin Neurol. 123:149-73, 2014
- Steiner I et al: Update on herpes virus infections of the nervous system. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 13(12):414, 2013
- Studahl M et al: Acute viral infections of the central nervous system in immunocompetent adults: diagnosis and management. Drugs. 73(2):131-58, 2013
- Ibitoye RT et al: Pitfalls in the management of herpes simplex virus encephalitis. BMJ Case Rep, 2012
- Sureka J et al: Clinico-radiological spectrum of bilateral temporal lobe hyperintensity: a retrospective review. Br J Radiol. 85(1017):e782-92, 2012
- Akyldz BN et al: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance is better than polymerase chain reaction for early diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis: a case report. Pediatr Emerg Care. 24(6):377-9, 2008
- Baringer JR: Herpes simplex infections of the nervous system. Neurol Clin. 26(3):657-74, viii, 2008
- Bulakbasi N et al: Central nervous system infections of herpesvirus family. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 18(1):53-84; viii, 2008
- Hatipoglu HG et al: Magnetic resonance and diffusion-weighted imaging findings of herpes simplex encephalitis. Herpes. 15(1):13-7, 2008
- Kataoka H et al: Early dynamic SPECT imaging in acute viral encephalitis. J Neuroimaging. 17(4):304-10, 2007
- Obeid M et al: Diffusion-weighted imaging findings on MRI as the sole radiographic findings in a child with proven herpes simplex encephalitis. Pediatr Radiol. 37(11):1159-62, 2007
- Rimon A et al: West Nile encephalitis mimicking herpes encephalitis. Pediatr Neurol. 35(1):62-4, 2006
- Whitley RJ: Herpes simplex encephalitis: adolescents and adults. Antiviral Res. 71(2-3):141-8, 2006
- Duckworth JL et al: Magnetic resonance restricted diffusion resolution correlates with clinical improvement and response to treatment in herpes simplex encephalitis. Neurocrit Care. 3(3):251-3, 2005
- Kuker W et al: Diffusion-weighted MRI in herpes simplex encephalitis: a report of three cases. Neuroradiology. 46(2):122-5, 2004
- Kaga K et al: Auditory agnosia in children after herpes encephalitis. Acta Otolaryngol. 123(2):232-5, 2003
- Sämann PG et al: Serial proton MR spectroscopy and diffusion imaging findings in HIV-related herpes simplex encephalitis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(10):2015-9, 2003
- Cakirer S et al: MR imaging in epilepsy that is refractory to medical therapy. Eur Radiol. 12(3):549-58, 2002
- Bash S et al: Mesiotemporal T2-weighted hyperintensity: neurosyphilis mimicking herpes encephalitis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(2):314-6, 2001
- Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK et al: The expanding spectrum of herpesvirus infections of the nervous system. Brain Pathol. 11(4):440-51, 2001
- Teixeira J et al: Diffusion imaging in pediatric central nervous system infections. Neuroradiology. 43(12):1031-9, 2001
- Leonard JR et al: MR imaging of herpes simplex type 1 encephalitis in infants and young children: a separate pattern of findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 174(6):1651-5, 2000
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE)
Definitions
- Older children and adults: Brain parenchyma infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1)
- Typically reactivation in immunocompetent patients
- Neonates and infants: HSV2
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Gayretli Aydin ZG et al: Acyclovir unresponsive herpes simplex encephalitis in a child successfully treated with the addition of Foscarnet: case report. Arch Argent Pediatr. 117(1):e47-51, 2019
- Rabinstein AA: Herpes virus encephalitis in adults: current knowledge and old myths. Neurol Clin. 35(4):695-705, 2017
- Hatanpaa KJ et al: Neuropathology of viral infections. Handb Clin Neurol. 123:193-214, 2014
- Mahan M et al: Neuroimaging of viral infections of the central nervous system. Handb Clin Neurol. 123:149-73, 2014
- Steiner I et al: Update on herpes virus infections of the nervous system. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 13(12):414, 2013
- Studahl M et al: Acute viral infections of the central nervous system in immunocompetent adults: diagnosis and management. Drugs. 73(2):131-58, 2013
- Ibitoye RT et al: Pitfalls in the management of herpes simplex virus encephalitis. BMJ Case Rep, 2012
- Sureka J et al: Clinico-radiological spectrum of bilateral temporal lobe hyperintensity: a retrospective review. Br J Radiol. 85(1017):e782-92, 2012
- Akyldz BN et al: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance is better than polymerase chain reaction for early diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis: a case report. Pediatr Emerg Care. 24(6):377-9, 2008
- Baringer JR: Herpes simplex infections of the nervous system. Neurol Clin. 26(3):657-74, viii, 2008
- Bulakbasi N et al: Central nervous system infections of herpesvirus family. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 18(1):53-84; viii, 2008
- Hatipoglu HG et al: Magnetic resonance and diffusion-weighted imaging findings of herpes simplex encephalitis. Herpes. 15(1):13-7, 2008
- Kataoka H et al: Early dynamic SPECT imaging in acute viral encephalitis. J Neuroimaging. 17(4):304-10, 2007
- Obeid M et al: Diffusion-weighted imaging findings on MRI as the sole radiographic findings in a child with proven herpes simplex encephalitis. Pediatr Radiol. 37(11):1159-62, 2007
- Rimon A et al: West Nile encephalitis mimicking herpes encephalitis. Pediatr Neurol. 35(1):62-4, 2006
- Whitley RJ: Herpes simplex encephalitis: adolescents and adults. Antiviral Res. 71(2-3):141-8, 2006
- Duckworth JL et al: Magnetic resonance restricted diffusion resolution correlates with clinical improvement and response to treatment in herpes simplex encephalitis. Neurocrit Care. 3(3):251-3, 2005
- Kuker W et al: Diffusion-weighted MRI in herpes simplex encephalitis: a report of three cases. Neuroradiology. 46(2):122-5, 2004
- Kaga K et al: Auditory agnosia in children after herpes encephalitis. Acta Otolaryngol. 123(2):232-5, 2003
- Sämann PG et al: Serial proton MR spectroscopy and diffusion imaging findings in HIV-related herpes simplex encephalitis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(10):2015-9, 2003
- Cakirer S et al: MR imaging in epilepsy that is refractory to medical therapy. Eur Radiol. 12(3):549-58, 2002
- Bash S et al: Mesiotemporal T2-weighted hyperintensity: neurosyphilis mimicking herpes encephalitis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(2):314-6, 2001
- Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK et al: The expanding spectrum of herpesvirus infections of the nervous system. Brain Pathol. 11(4):440-51, 2001
- Teixeira J et al: Diffusion imaging in pediatric central nervous system infections. Neuroradiology. 43(12):1031-9, 2001
- Leonard JR et al: MR imaging of herpes simplex type 1 encephalitis in infants and young children: a separate pattern of findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 174(6):1651-5, 2000
