Older children and adults: Brain parenchyma infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1)
Typically reactivation in immunocompetent patients
Neonates and infants: HSV2
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Gayretli Aydin ZG et al: Acyclovir unresponsive herpes simplex encephalitis in a child successfully treated with the addition of Foscarnet: case report. Arch Argent Pediatr. 117(1):e47-51, 2019
Rabinstein AA: Herpes virus encephalitis in adults: current knowledge and old myths. Neurol Clin. 35(4):695-705, 2017
Hatanpaa KJ et al: Neuropathology of viral infections. Handb Clin Neurol. 123:193-214, 2014
Mahan M et al: Neuroimaging of viral infections of the central nervous system. Handb Clin Neurol. 123:149-73, 2014
Steiner I et al: Update on herpes virus infections of the nervous system. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 13(12):414, 2013
Studahl M et al: Acute viral infections of the central nervous system in immunocompetent adults: diagnosis and management. Drugs. 73(2):131-58, 2013
Ibitoye RT et al: Pitfalls in the management of herpes simplex virus encephalitis. BMJ Case Rep, 2012
Sureka J et al: Clinico-radiological spectrum of bilateral temporal lobe hyperintensity: a retrospective review. Br J Radiol. 85(1017):e782-92, 2012
Akyldz BN et al: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance is better than polymerase chain reaction for early diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis: a case report. Pediatr Emerg Care. 24(6):377-9, 2008
Baringer JR: Herpes simplex infections of the nervous system. Neurol Clin. 26(3):657-74, viii, 2008
Bulakbasi N et al: Central nervous system infections of herpesvirus family. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 18(1):53-84; viii, 2008
Hatipoglu HG et al: Magnetic resonance and diffusion-weighted imaging findings of herpes simplex encephalitis. Herpes. 15(1):13-7, 2008
Kataoka H et al: Early dynamic SPECT imaging in acute viral encephalitis. J Neuroimaging. 17(4):304-10, 2007
Obeid M et al: Diffusion-weighted imaging findings on MRI as the sole radiographic findings in a child with proven herpes simplex encephalitis. Pediatr Radiol. 37(11):1159-62, 2007
Rimon A et al: West Nile encephalitis mimicking herpes encephalitis. Pediatr Neurol. 35(1):62-4, 2006
Duckworth JL et al: Magnetic resonance restricted diffusion resolution correlates with clinical improvement and response to treatment in herpes simplex encephalitis. Neurocrit Care. 3(3):251-3, 2005
Kuker W et al: Diffusion-weighted MRI in herpes simplex encephalitis: a report of three cases. Neuroradiology. 46(2):122-5, 2004
Kaga K et al: Auditory agnosia in children after herpes encephalitis. Acta Otolaryngol. 123(2):232-5, 2003
Sämann PG et al: Serial proton MR spectroscopy and diffusion imaging findings in HIV-related herpes simplex encephalitis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(10):2015-9, 2003
Cakirer S et al: MR imaging in epilepsy that is refractory to medical therapy. Eur Radiol. 12(3):549-58, 2002
Bash S et al: Mesiotemporal T2-weighted hyperintensity: neurosyphilis mimicking herpes encephalitis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(2):314-6, 2001
Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK et al: The expanding spectrum of herpesvirus infections of the nervous system. Brain Pathol. 11(4):440-51, 2001
Teixeira J et al: Diffusion imaging in pediatric central nervous system infections. Neuroradiology. 43(12):1031-9, 2001
Leonard JR et al: MR imaging of herpes simplex type 1 encephalitis in infants and young children: a separate pattern of findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 174(6):1651-5, 2000
Related Anatomy
Loading...
Related Differential Diagnoses
Loading...
References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE)
Definitions
Older children and adults: Brain parenchyma infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1)
Typically reactivation in immunocompetent patients
Neonates and infants: HSV2
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Gayretli Aydin ZG et al: Acyclovir unresponsive herpes simplex encephalitis in a child successfully treated with the addition of Foscarnet: case report. Arch Argent Pediatr. 117(1):e47-51, 2019
Rabinstein AA: Herpes virus encephalitis in adults: current knowledge and old myths. Neurol Clin. 35(4):695-705, 2017
Hatanpaa KJ et al: Neuropathology of viral infections. Handb Clin Neurol. 123:193-214, 2014
Mahan M et al: Neuroimaging of viral infections of the central nervous system. Handb Clin Neurol. 123:149-73, 2014
Steiner I et al: Update on herpes virus infections of the nervous system. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 13(12):414, 2013
Studahl M et al: Acute viral infections of the central nervous system in immunocompetent adults: diagnosis and management. Drugs. 73(2):131-58, 2013
Ibitoye RT et al: Pitfalls in the management of herpes simplex virus encephalitis. BMJ Case Rep, 2012
Sureka J et al: Clinico-radiological spectrum of bilateral temporal lobe hyperintensity: a retrospective review. Br J Radiol. 85(1017):e782-92, 2012
Akyldz BN et al: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance is better than polymerase chain reaction for early diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis: a case report. Pediatr Emerg Care. 24(6):377-9, 2008
Baringer JR: Herpes simplex infections of the nervous system. Neurol Clin. 26(3):657-74, viii, 2008
Bulakbasi N et al: Central nervous system infections of herpesvirus family. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 18(1):53-84; viii, 2008
Hatipoglu HG et al: Magnetic resonance and diffusion-weighted imaging findings of herpes simplex encephalitis. Herpes. 15(1):13-7, 2008
Kataoka H et al: Early dynamic SPECT imaging in acute viral encephalitis. J Neuroimaging. 17(4):304-10, 2007
Obeid M et al: Diffusion-weighted imaging findings on MRI as the sole radiographic findings in a child with proven herpes simplex encephalitis. Pediatr Radiol. 37(11):1159-62, 2007
Rimon A et al: West Nile encephalitis mimicking herpes encephalitis. Pediatr Neurol. 35(1):62-4, 2006
Duckworth JL et al: Magnetic resonance restricted diffusion resolution correlates with clinical improvement and response to treatment in herpes simplex encephalitis. Neurocrit Care. 3(3):251-3, 2005
Kuker W et al: Diffusion-weighted MRI in herpes simplex encephalitis: a report of three cases. Neuroradiology. 46(2):122-5, 2004
Kaga K et al: Auditory agnosia in children after herpes encephalitis. Acta Otolaryngol. 123(2):232-5, 2003
Sämann PG et al: Serial proton MR spectroscopy and diffusion imaging findings in HIV-related herpes simplex encephalitis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(10):2015-9, 2003
Cakirer S et al: MR imaging in epilepsy that is refractory to medical therapy. Eur Radiol. 12(3):549-58, 2002
Bash S et al: Mesiotemporal T2-weighted hyperintensity: neurosyphilis mimicking herpes encephalitis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(2):314-6, 2001
Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK et al: The expanding spectrum of herpesvirus infections of the nervous system. Brain Pathol. 11(4):440-51, 2001
Teixeira J et al: Diffusion imaging in pediatric central nervous system infections. Neuroradiology. 43(12):1031-9, 2001
Leonard JR et al: MR imaging of herpes simplex type 1 encephalitis in infants and young children: a separate pattern of findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 174(6):1651-5, 2000
STATdx includes over 200,000 searchable images, including x-ray, CT, MR, and ultrasound images. To access all images, please log in or subscribe.