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Diagnosis
Connective Tissue Disorders, Immunological Diseases, and Vasculitis
Thoracic Complications in Immunocompromised Patients
HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS
Sonia L. Betancourt-Cuellar, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Clinical Issues

        TERMINOLOGY

        • Abbreviations

          • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
          • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
          • Anti-retroviral therapy (ART)

        • Definitions

          • HIV: Retrovirus infection of helper T-cells, macrophages, dendritic cells → decreased cell-mediated immunity
          • CD4 count: Helper T-cell level
            • Widely accepted measure of immunosuppression in HIV(+) patients
          • AIDS: HIV(+) patients with CD4 < 200 cells/μL at risk for opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms

        IMAGING

        • General Features

          • Complications of HIV/AIDS

            • Imaging Recommendations

              DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                CLINICAL ISSUES

                • Presentation

                  • Demographics

                    • Natural History & Prognosis

                      • Treatment

                        DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                        • Image Interpretation Pearls

                          Selected References

                          1. Cribbs SK et al: Pathogenesis of HIV-related lung disease: immunity, infection, and inflammation. Physiol Rev. 100(2):603-32, 2020
                          2. Javadi S et al: HIV-related malignancies and mimics: imaging findings and management. Radiographics. 38(7):2051-68, 2018
                          3. Vazquez Guillamet C et al: Pulmonary infections in immunocompromised hosts: Clinical. J Thorac Imaging. 33(5):295-305, 2018
                          4. Hu Z et al: Radiological characteristics of pulmonary cryptococcosis in HIV-infected patients. PLoS One. 12(3):e0173858, 2017
                          5. Chou SH et al: Thoracic diseases associated with HIV infection in the era of antiretroviral therapy: clinical and imaging findings. Radiographics. 34(4):895-911, 2014
                          Related Anatomy
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                          Related Differential Diagnoses
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                          References
                          Tables

                          Tables

                          KEY FACTS

                          • Terminology

                            • Imaging

                              • Clinical Issues

                                TERMINOLOGY

                                • Abbreviations

                                  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
                                  • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
                                  • Anti-retroviral therapy (ART)

                                • Definitions

                                  • HIV: Retrovirus infection of helper T-cells, macrophages, dendritic cells → decreased cell-mediated immunity
                                  • CD4 count: Helper T-cell level
                                    • Widely accepted measure of immunosuppression in HIV(+) patients
                                  • AIDS: HIV(+) patients with CD4 < 200 cells/μL at risk for opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms

                                IMAGING

                                • General Features

                                  • Complications of HIV/AIDS

                                    • Imaging Recommendations

                                      DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                        CLINICAL ISSUES

                                        • Presentation

                                          • Demographics

                                            • Natural History & Prognosis

                                              • Treatment

                                                DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                  Selected References

                                                  1. Cribbs SK et al: Pathogenesis of HIV-related lung disease: immunity, infection, and inflammation. Physiol Rev. 100(2):603-32, 2020
                                                  2. Javadi S et al: HIV-related malignancies and mimics: imaging findings and management. Radiographics. 38(7):2051-68, 2018
                                                  3. Vazquez Guillamet C et al: Pulmonary infections in immunocompromised hosts: Clinical. J Thorac Imaging. 33(5):295-305, 2018
                                                  4. Hu Z et al: Radiological characteristics of pulmonary cryptococcosis in HIV-infected patients. PLoS One. 12(3):e0173858, 2017
                                                  5. Chou SH et al: Thoracic diseases associated with HIV infection in the era of antiretroviral therapy: clinical and imaging findings. Radiographics. 34(4):895-911, 2014