Congenital anomaly in which kidneys are fused at lower poles in midline
In contradistinction to crossed fused ectopia (CFE), where both kidneys are located on 1 side
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Houat AP et al: Congenital anomalies of the upper urinary tract: a comprehensive review. Radiographics. 41(2):462-86, 2021
Kirkpatrick JJ et al: Horseshoe kidney. StatPearls Publishing. 2021
Taghavi K et al: The horseshoe kidney: surgical anatomy and embryology. J Pediatr Urol. 12(5):275-80, 2016
Sakala MD et al: The horseshoe kidney. Abdom Imaging. 40(7):2910-1, 2015
Natsis K et al: Horseshoe kidney: a review of anatomy and pathology. Surg Radiol Anat. 36(6):517-26, 2014
O'Brien J et al: Imaging of horseshoe kidneys and their complications. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 52(3):216-26, 2008
Strauss S et al: Sonographic features of horseshoe kidney: review of 34 patients. J Ultrasound Med. 19(1):27-31, 2000
Banerjee B et al: Ultrasound diagnosis of horseshoe kidney. Br J Radiol. 64(766):898-900, 1991
Grainger R et al: Horseshoe kidney--a review of the presentation, associated congenital anomalies and complications in 73 patients. Ir Med J. 76(7):315-7, 1983
Mindell HJ et al: Horseshoe kidney: ultrasonic demonstration. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 129(3):526-7, 1977
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Congenital anomaly in which kidneys are fused at lower poles in midline
In contradistinction to crossed fused ectopia (CFE), where both kidneys are located on 1 side
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Houat AP et al: Congenital anomalies of the upper urinary tract: a comprehensive review. Radiographics. 41(2):462-86, 2021
Kirkpatrick JJ et al: Horseshoe kidney. StatPearls Publishing. 2021
Taghavi K et al: The horseshoe kidney: surgical anatomy and embryology. J Pediatr Urol. 12(5):275-80, 2016
Sakala MD et al: The horseshoe kidney. Abdom Imaging. 40(7):2910-1, 2015
Natsis K et al: Horseshoe kidney: a review of anatomy and pathology. Surg Radiol Anat. 36(6):517-26, 2014
O'Brien J et al: Imaging of horseshoe kidneys and their complications. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 52(3):216-26, 2008
Strauss S et al: Sonographic features of horseshoe kidney: review of 34 patients. J Ultrasound Med. 19(1):27-31, 2000
Banerjee B et al: Ultrasound diagnosis of horseshoe kidney. Br J Radiol. 64(766):898-900, 1991
Grainger R et al: Horseshoe kidney--a review of the presentation, associated congenital anomalies and complications in 73 patients. Ir Med J. 76(7):315-7, 1983
Mindell HJ et al: Horseshoe kidney: ultrasonic demonstration. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 129(3):526-7, 1977
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