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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Surgical neck fracture, proximal humerus fracture
Definitions
- Proximal humerus fx
- Usually involves surgical neck (metaphyseal fx)
- Also isolated greater tuberosity fx
- Humeral head (intracapsular fx)
- Anatomic neck fx
- Articular split (head split) fx
- Also Hills-Sachs impaction fx after dislocation
- Proximal humerus fx
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Sandstrom CK et al: Acute shoulder trauma: what the surgeon wants to know. Radiographics. 35(2):475-492, 2015
- Maier D et al: Proximal humeral fracture treatment in adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 96(3):251-61, 2014
- Mutch J et al: A new morphological classification for greater tuberosity fractures of the proximal humerus: validation and clinical implications. Bone Joint J. 96-B(5):646-51, 2014
- Ramappa AJ et al: Using computed tomography to assess proximal humerus fractures. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 43(3):E43-7, 2014
- Bruinsma WE et al: Interobserver reliability of classification and characterization of proximal humeral fractures: a comparison of two and three-dimensional CT. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 95(17):1600-4, 2013
- Cuny C et al: AST classification of proximal humeral fractures: introduction and interobserver reliability assessment. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 23(1):35-40, 2013
- Neuhaus V et al: What are the factors influencing outcome among patients admitted to a hospital with a proximal humeral fracture? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 471(5):1698-706, 2013
- Sukthankar AV et al: A comprehensive classification of proximal humeral fractures: HGLS system. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 22(7):e1-6, 2013
- Roux A et al: Epidemiology of proximal humerus fractures managed in a trauma center. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 98(6):715-9, 2012
- Shrader MW et al: Understanding proximal humerus fractures: image analysis, classification, and treatment. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 14(5):497-505, 2005
- Bucholz RW et al: Rockwood and Green's Fractures in Adults. Vol 1. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 997-1023, 2001
- Blake R et al: Emergency department evaluation and treatment of the shoulder and humerus. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 17(4):859-76, vi, 1999
- Bernstein J et al: Evaluation of the Neer system of classification of proximal humeral fractures with computerized tomographic scans and plain radiographs. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 78(9):1371-5, 1996
- Kilcoyne RF et al: The Neer classification of displaced proximal humeral fractures: spectrum of findings on plain radiographs and CT scans. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 154(5):1029-33, 1990
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Surgical neck fracture, proximal humerus fracture
Definitions
- Proximal humerus fx
- Usually involves surgical neck (metaphyseal fx)
- Also isolated greater tuberosity fx
- Humeral head (intracapsular fx)
- Anatomic neck fx
- Articular split (head split) fx
- Also Hills-Sachs impaction fx after dislocation
- Proximal humerus fx
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Sandstrom CK et al: Acute shoulder trauma: what the surgeon wants to know. Radiographics. 35(2):475-492, 2015
- Maier D et al: Proximal humeral fracture treatment in adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 96(3):251-61, 2014
- Mutch J et al: A new morphological classification for greater tuberosity fractures of the proximal humerus: validation and clinical implications. Bone Joint J. 96-B(5):646-51, 2014
- Ramappa AJ et al: Using computed tomography to assess proximal humerus fractures. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 43(3):E43-7, 2014
- Bruinsma WE et al: Interobserver reliability of classification and characterization of proximal humeral fractures: a comparison of two and three-dimensional CT. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 95(17):1600-4, 2013
- Cuny C et al: AST classification of proximal humeral fractures: introduction and interobserver reliability assessment. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 23(1):35-40, 2013
- Neuhaus V et al: What are the factors influencing outcome among patients admitted to a hospital with a proximal humeral fracture? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 471(5):1698-706, 2013
- Sukthankar AV et al: A comprehensive classification of proximal humeral fractures: HGLS system. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 22(7):e1-6, 2013
- Roux A et al: Epidemiology of proximal humerus fractures managed in a trauma center. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 98(6):715-9, 2012
- Shrader MW et al: Understanding proximal humerus fractures: image analysis, classification, and treatment. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 14(5):497-505, 2005
- Bucholz RW et al: Rockwood and Green's Fractures in Adults. Vol 1. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 997-1023, 2001
- Blake R et al: Emergency department evaluation and treatment of the shoulder and humerus. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 17(4):859-76, vi, 1999
- Bernstein J et al: Evaluation of the Neer system of classification of proximal humeral fractures with computerized tomographic scans and plain radiographs. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 78(9):1371-5, 1996
- Kilcoyne RF et al: The Neer classification of displaced proximal humeral fractures: spectrum of findings on plain radiographs and CT scans. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 154(5):1029-33, 1990
