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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
Synonyms
When left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction is present, disease is referred to as
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)
Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS)
Definitions
Genetic disease affecting proteins of myocardial sarcomere & associated myofilaments
Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy without secondary cause
Hypertrophy can be present in various patterns, such as asymmetric septal (most common), concentric, midcavitary, or apical
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Echocardiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
Amano Y et al: Cardiac MR imaging of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: techniques, findings, and clinical relevance. Magn Reson Med Sci. 17(2):120-31, 2018
Maron BJ et al: Global burden of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. JACC Heart Fail. 6(5):376-8, 2018
Fulton N et al: Utility of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of left ventricular thickening. Insights Imaging. 8(2):279-93, 2017
Maron MS et al: How to image hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 10(7), 2017
Baxi AJ et al: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from A to Z: genetics, pathophysiology, imaging, and management. Radiographics. 36(2):335-54, 2016
Authors/Task Force members et al: 2014 ESC Guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 35(39):2733-79, 2014
Chan RH et al: Prognostic value of quantitative contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance for the evaluation of sudden death risk in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 130(6):484-95, 2014
Noureldin RA et al: The diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 14:17, 2012
Gersh BJ et al: 2011 ACCF/AHA guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 124(24):e783-831, 2011
Soler R et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of delayed enhancement in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: relationship with left ventricular perfusion and contractile function. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 30(3):412-20, 2006
Hughes SE: The pathology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Histopathology. 44(5):412-27, 2004
Moon JC et al: Toward clinical risk assessment in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with gadolinium cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol. 41(9):1561-7, 2003
Braunwald E et al: Contemporary evaluation and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 106(11):1312-6, 2002
Wilson JM et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Tex Heart Inst J. 29(3):176-80, 2002
Casolo GC et al: Detection of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by magnetic resonance imaging. Am Heart J. 117(2):468-72, 1989
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
Synonyms
When left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction is present, disease is referred to as
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)
Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS)
Definitions
Genetic disease affecting proteins of myocardial sarcomere & associated myofilaments
Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy without secondary cause
Hypertrophy can be present in various patterns, such as asymmetric septal (most common), concentric, midcavitary, or apical
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Echocardiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
Amano Y et al: Cardiac MR imaging of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: techniques, findings, and clinical relevance. Magn Reson Med Sci. 17(2):120-31, 2018
Maron BJ et al: Global burden of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. JACC Heart Fail. 6(5):376-8, 2018
Fulton N et al: Utility of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of left ventricular thickening. Insights Imaging. 8(2):279-93, 2017
Maron MS et al: How to image hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 10(7), 2017
Baxi AJ et al: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from A to Z: genetics, pathophysiology, imaging, and management. Radiographics. 36(2):335-54, 2016
Authors/Task Force members et al: 2014 ESC Guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 35(39):2733-79, 2014
Chan RH et al: Prognostic value of quantitative contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance for the evaluation of sudden death risk in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 130(6):484-95, 2014
Noureldin RA et al: The diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 14:17, 2012
Gersh BJ et al: 2011 ACCF/AHA guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 124(24):e783-831, 2011
Soler R et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of delayed enhancement in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: relationship with left ventricular perfusion and contractile function. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 30(3):412-20, 2006
Hughes SE: The pathology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Histopathology. 44(5):412-27, 2004
Moon JC et al: Toward clinical risk assessment in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with gadolinium cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol. 41(9):1561-7, 2003
Braunwald E et al: Contemporary evaluation and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 106(11):1312-6, 2002
Wilson JM et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Tex Heart Inst J. 29(3):176-80, 2002
Casolo GC et al: Detection of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by magnetic resonance imaging. Am Heart J. 117(2):468-72, 1989
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