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Ultrasound
Differential Diagnosis
Thyroid and Parathyroid
Hypoechoic Thyroid Nodule
Hypoechoic Thyroid Nodule
Evelyn W. K. Tang, MBBS, FRCR; Yolanda Y. P. Lee, MBChB, FRCR; Eric K. C. Law, MBChB, FRCR
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DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

    ESSENTIAL INFORMATION

    • Key Differential Diagnosis Issues

      • Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses

        • Helpful Clues for Less Common Diagnoses

          • Helpful Clues for Rare Diagnoses

            Selected References

            1. Ha EJ et al: Diagnostic performance of ultrasound-based risk stratification systems for thyroid nodules: comparison of the 2015 ATA guidelines with the 2016 KTA/KSThR and 2017 ACR guidelines. Thyroid. 28(11):1532-37, 2018
            2. Lee JH et al: Risk Stratification of thyroid nodules with atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) cytology using ultrasonography patterns defined by the 2015 ATA guidelines. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 126(9):625-633, 2017
            3. Haugen BR et al: 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 26(1):1-133, 2016
            4. Frates MC et al: Subacute granulomatous (de Quervain) thyroiditis: grayscale and color Doppler sonographic characteristics. J Ultrasound Med. 32(3):505-11, 2013
            5. Sofferman RA et al: Ultrasound of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands. New York: Springer. 61-150, 2012
            6. Anil G et al: Thyroid nodules: risk stratification for malignancy with ultrasound and guided biopsy. Cancer Imaging. 11:209-23, 2011
            7. Moon HJ et al: A taller-than-wide shape in thyroid nodules in transverse and longitudinal ultrasonographic planes and the prediction of malignancy. Thyroid. 21(11):1249-53, 2011
            8. Kwak JY et al: Value of US correlation of a thyroid nodule with initially benign cytologic results. Radiology. 254(1):292-300, 2010
            9. Moon HJ et al: Can vascularity at power Doppler US help predict thyroid malignancy? Radiology. 255(1):260-9, 2010
            10. Bonavita JA et al: Pattern recognition of benign nodules at ultrasound of the thyroid: which nodules can be left alone? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193(1):207-13, 2009
            11. Moon WJ et al: Are there any specific ultrasound findings of nodular hyperplasia ("leave me alone" lesion) to differentiate it from follicular adenoma? Acta Radiol. 50(4):383-8, 2009
            12. Moon WJ et al: Benign and malignant thyroid nodules: US differentiation--multicenter retrospective study. Radiology. 247(3):762-70, 2008
            13. Ahuja AT et al: Diagnostic Imaging: Ultrasound. 1st ed. Salt Lake City: Amirsys Publishing, Inc. 11-6-35, 2007
            14. Hoang JK et al: US Features of thyroid malignancy: pearls and pitfalls. Radiographics. 27(3):847-60; discussion 861-5, 2007
            15. Frates MC et al: Management of thyroid nodules detected at US: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound consensus conference statement. Ultrasound Q. 22(4):231-8; discussion 239-40, 2006
            16. Frates MC et al: Management of thyroid nodules detected at US: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound consensus conference statement. Radiology. 237(3):794-800, 2005
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            References
            Tables

            Tables

            DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

              ESSENTIAL INFORMATION

              • Key Differential Diagnosis Issues

                • Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses

                  • Helpful Clues for Less Common Diagnoses

                    • Helpful Clues for Rare Diagnoses

                      Selected References

                      1. Ha EJ et al: Diagnostic performance of ultrasound-based risk stratification systems for thyroid nodules: comparison of the 2015 ATA guidelines with the 2016 KTA/KSThR and 2017 ACR guidelines. Thyroid. 28(11):1532-37, 2018
                      2. Lee JH et al: Risk Stratification of thyroid nodules with atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) cytology using ultrasonography patterns defined by the 2015 ATA guidelines. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 126(9):625-633, 2017
                      3. Haugen BR et al: 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 26(1):1-133, 2016
                      4. Frates MC et al: Subacute granulomatous (de Quervain) thyroiditis: grayscale and color Doppler sonographic characteristics. J Ultrasound Med. 32(3):505-11, 2013
                      5. Sofferman RA et al: Ultrasound of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands. New York: Springer. 61-150, 2012
                      6. Anil G et al: Thyroid nodules: risk stratification for malignancy with ultrasound and guided biopsy. Cancer Imaging. 11:209-23, 2011
                      7. Moon HJ et al: A taller-than-wide shape in thyroid nodules in transverse and longitudinal ultrasonographic planes and the prediction of malignancy. Thyroid. 21(11):1249-53, 2011
                      8. Kwak JY et al: Value of US correlation of a thyroid nodule with initially benign cytologic results. Radiology. 254(1):292-300, 2010
                      9. Moon HJ et al: Can vascularity at power Doppler US help predict thyroid malignancy? Radiology. 255(1):260-9, 2010
                      10. Bonavita JA et al: Pattern recognition of benign nodules at ultrasound of the thyroid: which nodules can be left alone? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193(1):207-13, 2009
                      11. Moon WJ et al: Are there any specific ultrasound findings of nodular hyperplasia ("leave me alone" lesion) to differentiate it from follicular adenoma? Acta Radiol. 50(4):383-8, 2009
                      12. Moon WJ et al: Benign and malignant thyroid nodules: US differentiation--multicenter retrospective study. Radiology. 247(3):762-70, 2008
                      13. Ahuja AT et al: Diagnostic Imaging: Ultrasound. 1st ed. Salt Lake City: Amirsys Publishing, Inc. 11-6-35, 2007
                      14. Hoang JK et al: US Features of thyroid malignancy: pearls and pitfalls. Radiographics. 27(3):847-60; discussion 861-5, 2007
                      15. Frates MC et al: Management of thyroid nodules detected at US: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound consensus conference statement. Ultrasound Q. 22(4):231-8; discussion 239-40, 2006
                      16. Frates MC et al: Management of thyroid nodules detected at US: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound consensus conference statement. Radiology. 237(3):794-800, 2005