Plasma glucose level < 30-35 mg/dL in first 24 hours of life
< 40-45 mg/dL (after 24 hours)
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Prevention
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Arhan E et al: Neonatal hypoglycemia: a wide range of electroclinical manifestations and seizure outcomes. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 21(5):738-44, 2017
De Leon DD et al: Congenital hypoglycemia disorders: new aspects of etiology, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes: highlights of the proceedings of the congenital hypoglycemia disorders symposium, Philadelphia April 2016. Pediatr Diabetes. 18(1):3-9, 2017
Goode RH et al: Developmental outcomes of preterm infants with neonatal hypoglycemia. Pediatrics. 138(6), 2016
Bathla G et al: Neuroimaging in patients with abnormal blood glucose levels. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 35(5):833-40, 2014
Yoon HJ et al: Devastating metabolic brain disorders of newborns and young infants. Radiographics. 34(5):1257-72, 2014
Boardman JP et al: Hypoglycaemia and neonatal brain injury. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 98(1):2-6, 2013
Wong DS et al: Brain injury patterns in hypoglycemia in neonatal encephalopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 34(7):1456-61, 2013
Tam EW et al: Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy. J Pediatr. 161(1):88-93, 2012
Sinclair JC et al: Interventions for prevention of neonatal hyperglycemia in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. (10):CD007615, 2011
Musson RE et al: Diffusion-weighted imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings in a case of neonatal hypoglycaemia. Dev Med Child Neurol. 51(8):653-4, 2009
Burns CM et al: Patterns of cerebral injury and neurodevelopmental outcomes after symptomatic neonatal hypoglycemia. Pediatrics. 122(1):65-74, 2008
Per H et al: Neurologic sequelae of neonatal hypoglycemia in Kayseri, Turkey. J Child Neurol. 23(12):1406-12, 2008
Tam EW et al: Occipital lobe injury and cortical visual outcomes after neonatal hypoglycemia. Pediatrics. 122(3):507-12, 2008
Volpe JJ: Neurology of the Newborn. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2008
Yalnizoglu D et al: Neurologic outcome in patients with MRI pattern of damage typical for neonatal hypoglycemia. Brain Dev. 29(5):285-92, 2007
Kim SY et al: Neonatal hypoglycaemic encephalopathy: diffusion-weighted imaging and proton MR spectroscopy. Pediatr Radiol. 36(2):144-8, 2006
Alkalay AL et al: Brain imaging findings in neonatal hypoglycemia: case report and review of 23 cases. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 44(9):783-90, 2005
Cornblath M et al: Hypoglycemia in the neonate. Semin Perinatol. 24(2):136-49, 2000
Hawdon JM et al: Clinical features of neonates with hyperinsulinism. N Engl J Med. 341(9):701-2, 1999
Barkovich AJ et al: Imaging patterns of neonatal hypoglycemia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 19(3):523-8, 1998
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Neonate with significant hypoglycemia
Plasma glucose level < 30-35 mg/dL in first 24 hours of life
< 40-45 mg/dL (after 24 hours)
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Prevention
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Arhan E et al: Neonatal hypoglycemia: a wide range of electroclinical manifestations and seizure outcomes. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 21(5):738-44, 2017
De Leon DD et al: Congenital hypoglycemia disorders: new aspects of etiology, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes: highlights of the proceedings of the congenital hypoglycemia disorders symposium, Philadelphia April 2016. Pediatr Diabetes. 18(1):3-9, 2017
Goode RH et al: Developmental outcomes of preterm infants with neonatal hypoglycemia. Pediatrics. 138(6), 2016
Bathla G et al: Neuroimaging in patients with abnormal blood glucose levels. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 35(5):833-40, 2014
Yoon HJ et al: Devastating metabolic brain disorders of newborns and young infants. Radiographics. 34(5):1257-72, 2014
Boardman JP et al: Hypoglycaemia and neonatal brain injury. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 98(1):2-6, 2013
Wong DS et al: Brain injury patterns in hypoglycemia in neonatal encephalopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 34(7):1456-61, 2013
Tam EW et al: Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy. J Pediatr. 161(1):88-93, 2012
Sinclair JC et al: Interventions for prevention of neonatal hyperglycemia in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. (10):CD007615, 2011
Musson RE et al: Diffusion-weighted imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings in a case of neonatal hypoglycaemia. Dev Med Child Neurol. 51(8):653-4, 2009
Burns CM et al: Patterns of cerebral injury and neurodevelopmental outcomes after symptomatic neonatal hypoglycemia. Pediatrics. 122(1):65-74, 2008
Per H et al: Neurologic sequelae of neonatal hypoglycemia in Kayseri, Turkey. J Child Neurol. 23(12):1406-12, 2008
Tam EW et al: Occipital lobe injury and cortical visual outcomes after neonatal hypoglycemia. Pediatrics. 122(3):507-12, 2008
Volpe JJ: Neurology of the Newborn. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2008
Yalnizoglu D et al: Neurologic outcome in patients with MRI pattern of damage typical for neonatal hypoglycemia. Brain Dev. 29(5):285-92, 2007
Kim SY et al: Neonatal hypoglycaemic encephalopathy: diffusion-weighted imaging and proton MR spectroscopy. Pediatr Radiol. 36(2):144-8, 2006
Alkalay AL et al: Brain imaging findings in neonatal hypoglycemia: case report and review of 23 cases. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 44(9):783-90, 2005