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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Hypotensive cerebral infarction (HCI)
Synonyms
Border zone or watershed infarction
Postanoxic encephalopathy
Definitions
Infarction resulting from insufficient cerebral blood flow (CBF) to meet metabolic demands (low-flow state)
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Hosseini M et al: Resuscitating the globally ischemic brain: TTM and beyond. Neurotherapeutics. 17(2):539-62, 2020
La Rocca G et al: Cortical laminar necrosis as a result of status epilepticus after resection of parafalcal meningioma. Surg Technol Int. 36:159-77, 2020
Wang Z et al: Positron emission tomography after ischemic brain injury: current challenges and future developments. Transl Stroke Res. 11(4):628-42, 2020
Cannella R et al: Advanced magnetic resonance imaging of cortical laminar necrosis in patients with stroke. Neuroradiol J. 32(6):431-7, 2019
Cronberg T: Assessing brain injury after cardiac arrest, towards a quantitative approach. Curr Opin Crit Care. 25(3):211-7, 2019
Mai N et al: The post-cardiac arrest syndrome: a case for lung-brain coupling and opportunities for neuroprotection. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 39(6):939-58, 2019
Vamadevan T et al: Imaging appearances of toxic and acquired metabolic encephalopathic disorders. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 80(7):372-6, 2019
Bhatt AA et al: Beyond stroke-uncommon causes of diffusion restriction in the basal ganglia. Emerg Radiol. 25(1):87-92, 2018
Godinho MV et al: Hypoxic, toxic, and acquired metabolic encephalopathies at the emergency room: the role of magnetic resonance imaging. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 39(5):481-94, 2018
Keijzer HM et al: Brain imaging in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest: pathophysiological correlates and prognostic properties. Resuscitation. 133:124-36, 2018
Sekhon MS et al: Clinical pathophysiology of hypoxic ischemic brain injury after cardiac arrest: a "two-hit" model. Crit Care. 21(1):90, 2017
Derdeyn CP et al: Severe hemodynamic impairment and border zone--region infarction. Radiology. 220(1):195-201, 2001
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Hypotensive cerebral infarction (HCI)
Synonyms
Border zone or watershed infarction
Postanoxic encephalopathy
Definitions
Infarction resulting from insufficient cerebral blood flow (CBF) to meet metabolic demands (low-flow state)
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Hosseini M et al: Resuscitating the globally ischemic brain: TTM and beyond. Neurotherapeutics. 17(2):539-62, 2020
La Rocca G et al: Cortical laminar necrosis as a result of status epilepticus after resection of parafalcal meningioma. Surg Technol Int. 36:159-77, 2020
Wang Z et al: Positron emission tomography after ischemic brain injury: current challenges and future developments. Transl Stroke Res. 11(4):628-42, 2020
Cannella R et al: Advanced magnetic resonance imaging of cortical laminar necrosis in patients with stroke. Neuroradiol J. 32(6):431-7, 2019
Cronberg T: Assessing brain injury after cardiac arrest, towards a quantitative approach. Curr Opin Crit Care. 25(3):211-7, 2019
Mai N et al: The post-cardiac arrest syndrome: a case for lung-brain coupling and opportunities for neuroprotection. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 39(6):939-58, 2019
Vamadevan T et al: Imaging appearances of toxic and acquired metabolic encephalopathic disorders. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 80(7):372-6, 2019
Bhatt AA et al: Beyond stroke-uncommon causes of diffusion restriction in the basal ganglia. Emerg Radiol. 25(1):87-92, 2018
Godinho MV et al: Hypoxic, toxic, and acquired metabolic encephalopathies at the emergency room: the role of magnetic resonance imaging. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 39(5):481-94, 2018
Keijzer HM et al: Brain imaging in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest: pathophysiological correlates and prognostic properties. Resuscitation. 133:124-36, 2018
Sekhon MS et al: Clinical pathophysiology of hypoxic ischemic brain injury after cardiac arrest: a "two-hit" model. Crit Care. 21(1):90, 2017
Derdeyn CP et al: Severe hemodynamic impairment and border zone--region infarction. Radiology. 220(1):195-201, 2001
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