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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Hypotensive cerebral infarction (HCI)
Synonyms
- Border zone or watershed infarction
- Postanoxic encephalopathy
Definitions
- Infarction resulting from insufficient cerebral blood flow (CBF) to meet metabolic demands (low-flow state)
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Hosseini M et al: Resuscitating the globally ischemic brain: TTM and beyond. Neurotherapeutics. 17(2):539-62, 2020
- La Rocca G et al: Cortical laminar necrosis as a result of status epilepticus after resection of parafalcal meningioma. Surg Technol Int. 36:159-77, 2020
- Wang Z et al: Positron emission tomography after ischemic brain injury: current challenges and future developments. Transl Stroke Res. 11(4):628-42, 2020
- Cannella R et al: Advanced magnetic resonance imaging of cortical laminar necrosis in patients with stroke. Neuroradiol J. 32(6):431-7, 2019
- Cronberg T: Assessing brain injury after cardiac arrest, towards a quantitative approach. Curr Opin Crit Care. 25(3):211-7, 2019
- Mai N et al: The post-cardiac arrest syndrome: a case for lung-brain coupling and opportunities for neuroprotection. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 39(6):939-58, 2019
- Vamadevan T et al: Imaging appearances of toxic and acquired metabolic encephalopathic disorders. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 80(7):372-6, 2019
- Bhatt AA et al: Beyond stroke-uncommon causes of diffusion restriction in the basal ganglia. Emerg Radiol. 25(1):87-92, 2018
- Godinho MV et al: Hypoxic, toxic, and acquired metabolic encephalopathies at the emergency room: the role of magnetic resonance imaging. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 39(5):481-94, 2018
- Keijzer HM et al: Brain imaging in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest: pathophysiological correlates and prognostic properties. Resuscitation. 133:124-36, 2018
- Sekhon MS et al: Clinical pathophysiology of hypoxic ischemic brain injury after cardiac arrest: a "two-hit" model. Crit Care. 21(1):90, 2017
- Derdeyn CP et al: Severe hemodynamic impairment and border zone--region infarction. Radiology. 220(1):195-201, 2001
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Hypotensive cerebral infarction (HCI)
Synonyms
- Border zone or watershed infarction
- Postanoxic encephalopathy
Definitions
- Infarction resulting from insufficient cerebral blood flow (CBF) to meet metabolic demands (low-flow state)
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Hosseini M et al: Resuscitating the globally ischemic brain: TTM and beyond. Neurotherapeutics. 17(2):539-62, 2020
- La Rocca G et al: Cortical laminar necrosis as a result of status epilepticus after resection of parafalcal meningioma. Surg Technol Int. 36:159-77, 2020
- Wang Z et al: Positron emission tomography after ischemic brain injury: current challenges and future developments. Transl Stroke Res. 11(4):628-42, 2020
- Cannella R et al: Advanced magnetic resonance imaging of cortical laminar necrosis in patients with stroke. Neuroradiol J. 32(6):431-7, 2019
- Cronberg T: Assessing brain injury after cardiac arrest, towards a quantitative approach. Curr Opin Crit Care. 25(3):211-7, 2019
- Mai N et al: The post-cardiac arrest syndrome: a case for lung-brain coupling and opportunities for neuroprotection. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 39(6):939-58, 2019
- Vamadevan T et al: Imaging appearances of toxic and acquired metabolic encephalopathic disorders. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 80(7):372-6, 2019
- Bhatt AA et al: Beyond stroke-uncommon causes of diffusion restriction in the basal ganglia. Emerg Radiol. 25(1):87-92, 2018
- Godinho MV et al: Hypoxic, toxic, and acquired metabolic encephalopathies at the emergency room: the role of magnetic resonance imaging. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 39(5):481-94, 2018
- Keijzer HM et al: Brain imaging in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest: pathophysiological correlates and prognostic properties. Resuscitation. 133:124-36, 2018
- Sekhon MS et al: Clinical pathophysiology of hypoxic ischemic brain injury after cardiac arrest: a "two-hit" model. Crit Care. 21(1):90, 2017
- Derdeyn CP et al: Severe hemodynamic impairment and border zone--region infarction. Radiology. 220(1):195-201, 2001
