I-131 ablates residual thyroid gland and thyroid cancer with high-energy beta emissions (0.606 MeV)
Effective for papillary and follicular thyroid cancers and their variants
Anaplastic and medullary thyroid cancers are not RAI avid
Goal of RAI therapy ("successful ablation")
Thyroglobulin level < 2 ng/mL (670 kDa glycoprotein made by follicular cells in normal thyroid tissue and differentiated thyroid cancer)
Negative whole-body RAI scan or US
PREPROCEDURE
Indications
Contraindications
Getting Started
Stratify Patients for Risk of Recurrence per American Thyroid Association Guidelines
PROCEDURE
Equipment Preparation
Procedure Steps
Alternative Procedures/Therapies
POST PROCEDURE
Things To Do
Side Effects
OUTCOMES
Complications
Selected References
Makita K et al: Treatment intensity and control rates in combining external-beam radiotherapy and radioactive iodine therapy for metastatic or recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer. Int J Clin Oncol. ePub, 2020
Abe K et al: Low-dose radioiodine therapy for patients with intermediate- to high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer. Ann Nucl Med. ePub, 2019
Tuttle RM et al: Updated American Joint Committee on Cancer/Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging System for Differentiated and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (Eighth Edition): What Changed and Why? Thyroid. 27(6):751-6, 2017
Haugen BR et al: 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 26(1):1-133, 2016
Nakada K et al: Does lemon candy decrease salivary gland damage after radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer? J Nucl Med. 46(2):261-6, 2005
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Preprocedure
Procedure
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment with I-131
I-131 ablates residual thyroid gland and thyroid cancer with high-energy beta emissions (0.606 MeV)
Effective for papillary and follicular thyroid cancers and their variants
Anaplastic and medullary thyroid cancers are not RAI avid
Goal of RAI therapy ("successful ablation")
Thyroglobulin level < 2 ng/mL (670 kDa glycoprotein made by follicular cells in normal thyroid tissue and differentiated thyroid cancer)
Negative whole-body RAI scan or US
PREPROCEDURE
Indications
Contraindications
Getting Started
Stratify Patients for Risk of Recurrence per American Thyroid Association Guidelines
PROCEDURE
Equipment Preparation
Procedure Steps
Alternative Procedures/Therapies
POST PROCEDURE
Things To Do
Side Effects
OUTCOMES
Complications
Selected References
Makita K et al: Treatment intensity and control rates in combining external-beam radiotherapy and radioactive iodine therapy for metastatic or recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer. Int J Clin Oncol. ePub, 2020
Abe K et al: Low-dose radioiodine therapy for patients with intermediate- to high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer. Ann Nucl Med. ePub, 2019
Tuttle RM et al: Updated American Joint Committee on Cancer/Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging System for Differentiated and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (Eighth Edition): What Changed and Why? Thyroid. 27(6):751-6, 2017
Haugen BR et al: 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 26(1):1-133, 2016
Nakada K et al: Does lemon candy decrease salivary gland damage after radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer? J Nucl Med. 46(2):261-6, 2005
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