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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Scoliosis of undetermined etiology without underlying bony or neuromuscular abnormalities
- Primary curvature: Curvature with greatest angulation
- Secondary curvature: 1 more compensatory curvature above or below primary curvature
- Flexible curvature: Curvature that resolves when patient bends to contralateral side
- Structural curvature: Curvature that does not change when patient bends to contralateral side
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Ghandhari H et al: Long-term outcome of posterior spinal fusion for the correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 13:14, 2018
- Tully PA et al: Should all paediatric patients with presumed idiopathic scoliosis undergo MRI screening for neuro-axial disease? Childs Nerv Syst. 34(11):2173-78, 2018
- Yamato Y et al: Will a low-dose biplanar radiograph become "gold standard" for three-dimensional assessment of spinal deformity in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? J Spine Surg. 4(2):465-66, 2018
- Assi KC et al: Statistical model based 3D shape prediction of postoperative trunks for non-invasive scoliosis surgery planning. Comput Biol Med. 48C:85-93, 2014
- Longworth B et al: Prevalence and predictors of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in adolescent ballet dancers. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 95(9):1725-30, 2014
- Negrini S et al: Actual evidence in the medical approach to adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 50(1):87-92, 2014
- Rushton PR et al: What is the effect of surgery on the quality of life of the adolescent with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? A review and statistical analysis of the literature. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 38(9):786-94, 2013
- Pahys JM et al: Intraspinal anomalies in infantile idiopathic scoliosis: prevalence and role of magnetic resonance imaging. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(12):E434-8, 2009
- Bagchi K et al: Hardware complications in scoliosis surgery. Pediatr Radiol. 32(7):465-75, 2002
- Redla S et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of scoliosis. Clin Radiol. 56(5):360-71, 2001
- Lowe TG et al: Etiology of idiopathic scoliosis: current trends in research. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 82-A(8):1157-68, 2000
- Mohaideen A et al: Not all rods are Harrington - an overview of spinal instrumentation in scoliosis treatment. Pediatr Radiol. 30(2):110-8, 2000
- Roach JW: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Orthop Clin North Am. 30(3):353-65, vii-viii, 1999
- Oestreich AE et al: Scoliosis circa 2000: radiologic imaging perspective. I. Diagnosis and pretreatment evaluation. Skeletal Radiol. 27(11):591-605, 1998
- Oestreich AE et al: Scoliosis circa 2000: radiologic imaging perspective. II. Treatment and follow-up. Skeletal Radiol. 27(12):651-6, 1998
- Cordover AM et al: Natural history of adolescent thoracolumbar and lumbar idiopathic scoliosis into adulthood. J Spinal Disord. 10(3):193-6, 1997
- Lee CS et al: The crankshaft phenomenon after posterior Harrington fusion in skeletally immature patients with thoracic or thoracolumbar idiopathic scoliosis followed to maturity. Spine. 22(1):58-67, 1997
- Little DG et al: The Risser sign: a critical analysis. J Pediatr Orthop. 14(5):569-75, 1994
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Scoliosis of undetermined etiology without underlying bony or neuromuscular abnormalities
- Primary curvature: Curvature with greatest angulation
- Secondary curvature: 1 more compensatory curvature above or below primary curvature
- Flexible curvature: Curvature that resolves when patient bends to contralateral side
- Structural curvature: Curvature that does not change when patient bends to contralateral side
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Ghandhari H et al: Long-term outcome of posterior spinal fusion for the correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 13:14, 2018
- Tully PA et al: Should all paediatric patients with presumed idiopathic scoliosis undergo MRI screening for neuro-axial disease? Childs Nerv Syst. 34(11):2173-78, 2018
- Yamato Y et al: Will a low-dose biplanar radiograph become "gold standard" for three-dimensional assessment of spinal deformity in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? J Spine Surg. 4(2):465-66, 2018
- Assi KC et al: Statistical model based 3D shape prediction of postoperative trunks for non-invasive scoliosis surgery planning. Comput Biol Med. 48C:85-93, 2014
- Longworth B et al: Prevalence and predictors of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in adolescent ballet dancers. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 95(9):1725-30, 2014
- Negrini S et al: Actual evidence in the medical approach to adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 50(1):87-92, 2014
- Rushton PR et al: What is the effect of surgery on the quality of life of the adolescent with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? A review and statistical analysis of the literature. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 38(9):786-94, 2013
- Pahys JM et al: Intraspinal anomalies in infantile idiopathic scoliosis: prevalence and role of magnetic resonance imaging. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(12):E434-8, 2009
- Bagchi K et al: Hardware complications in scoliosis surgery. Pediatr Radiol. 32(7):465-75, 2002
- Redla S et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of scoliosis. Clin Radiol. 56(5):360-71, 2001
- Lowe TG et al: Etiology of idiopathic scoliosis: current trends in research. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 82-A(8):1157-68, 2000
- Mohaideen A et al: Not all rods are Harrington - an overview of spinal instrumentation in scoliosis treatment. Pediatr Radiol. 30(2):110-8, 2000
- Roach JW: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Orthop Clin North Am. 30(3):353-65, vii-viii, 1999
- Oestreich AE et al: Scoliosis circa 2000: radiologic imaging perspective. I. Diagnosis and pretreatment evaluation. Skeletal Radiol. 27(11):591-605, 1998
- Oestreich AE et al: Scoliosis circa 2000: radiologic imaging perspective. II. Treatment and follow-up. Skeletal Radiol. 27(12):651-6, 1998
- Cordover AM et al: Natural history of adolescent thoracolumbar and lumbar idiopathic scoliosis into adulthood. J Spinal Disord. 10(3):193-6, 1997
- Lee CS et al: The crankshaft phenomenon after posterior Harrington fusion in skeletally immature patients with thoracic or thoracolumbar idiopathic scoliosis followed to maturity. Spine. 22(1):58-67, 1997
- Little DG et al: The Risser sign: a critical analysis. J Pediatr Orthop. 14(5):569-75, 1994
