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Spine
Diagnosis
Neoplasms, Cysts, and Other Masses
Nonneoplastic Cysts and Tumor Mimics
CSF Leak Disorders
Idiopathic Spinal Cord Herniation
Idiopathic Spinal Cord Herniation
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          TERMINOLOGY

          • Synonyms

            • Ventral cord herniation

          • Definitions

            • Herniation of spinal cord through defect in dura of ventral canal

          IMAGING

          • General Features

            • MR Findings

              • Nonvascular Interventions

                • Other Modality Findings

                  • Imaging Recommendations

                    DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                      PATHOLOGY

                      • General Features

                        • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                          CLINICAL ISSUES

                          • Presentation

                            • Demographics

                              • Natural History & Prognosis

                                • Treatment

                                  DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                  • Consider

                                    • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                      Selected References

                                      1. Neale N et al: Surgical management of idiopathic thoracic spinal cord herniation. World Neurosurg. 129:81-4, 2019
                                      2. Bartels RHMA et al: Pathogenesis of idiopathic ventral herniation of spinal cord: neuropathologic analysis. World Neurosurg. 114:30-3, 2018
                                      3. Ghali MGZ et al: Idiopathic thoracic spinal cord herniation. J Clin Neurosci. 51:1-5, 2018
                                      4. Haber MD et al: Differentiation of idiopathic spinal cord herniation from CSF-isointense intraspinal extramedullary lesions displacing the cord. Radiographics. 34(2):313-29, 2014
                                      5. Brus-Ramer M et al: Idiopathic thoracic spinal cord herniation: retrospective analysis supporting a mechanism of diskogenic dural injury and subsequent tamponade. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 33(1):52-6, 2012
                                      6. Ghostine S et al: Thoracic cord herniation through a dural defect: description of a case and review of the literature. Surg Neurol. 71(3):362-6, discussion 366-7, 2009
                                      7. Groen RJ et al: Operative treatment of anterior thoracic spinal cord herniation: three new cases and an individual patient data meta-analysis of 126 case reports. Neurosurgery. 64(3 Suppl):ons145-59; discussion ons159-60, 2009
                                      8. Hassler W et al: Spontaneous herniation of the spinal cord: operative technique and follow-up in 10 cases. J Neurosurg Spine. 9(5):438-43, 2008
                                      9. Sasaoka R et al: Idiopathic spinal cord herniation in the thoracic spine as a cause of intractable leg pain: case report and review of the literature. J Spinal Disord Tech. 16(3):288-94, 2003
                                      10. Barbagallo GM et al: Thoracic idiopathic spinal cord herniation at the vertebral body level: a subgroup with a poor prognosis? Case reports and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 97(3 Suppl):369-74, 2002
                                      11. Aizawa T et al: Idiopathic herniation of the thoracic spinal cord: report of three cases. Spine. 26(20):E488-91, 2001
                                      12. Eguchi T et al: Spontaneous thoracic spinal cord herniation--case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 41(10):508-12, 2001
                                      13. Miyaguchi M et al: Idiopathic spinal cord herniation associated with intervertebral disc extrusion: a case report and review of the literature. Spine. 26(9):1090-4, 2001
                                      14. Pereira P et al: Idiopathic spinal cord herniation: case report and literature review. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 143(4):401-6, 2001
                                      15. Watanabe M et al: Surgical management of idiopathic spinal cord herniation: a review of nine cases treated by the enlargement of the dural defect. J Neurosurg. 95(2 Suppl):169-72, 2001
                                      16. Ewald C et al: Progressive spontaneous herniation of the thoracic spinal cord: case report. Neurosurgery. 46(2):493-5; discussion 495-6, 2000
                                      17. Tekkok IH: Spontaneous spinal cord herniation: case report and review of the literature. Neurosurgery. 46(2):485-91; discussion 491-2, 2000
                                      18. Wada E et al: Idiopathic spinal cord herniation: report of three cases and review of the literature. Spine. 25(15):1984-8, 2000
                                      19. Marshman LA et al: Idiopathic spinal cord herniation: case report and review of the literature. Neurosurgery. 44(5):1129-33, 1999
                                      20. Vallée B et al: Ventral transdural herniation of the thoracic spinal cord: surgical treatment in four cases and review of literature. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 141(9):907-13, 1999
                                      21. Dix JE et al: Spontaneous thoracic spinal cord herniation through an anterior dural defect. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 19(7):1345-8, 1998
                                      22. Baur A et al: Imaging findings in patients with ventral dural defects and herniation of neural tissue. Eur Radiol. 7(8):1259-63, 1997
                                      23. Henry A et al: Tethered thoracic cord resulting from spinal cord herniation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 78(5):530-3, 1997
                                      24. Sioutos P et al: Spontaneous thoracic spinal cord herniation. A case report. Spine. 21(14):1710-3, 1996
                                      25. Kumar R et al: Herniation of the spinal cord. Case report. J Neurosurg. 82(1):131-6, 1995
                                      Related Anatomy
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                                      Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                      References
                                      Tables

                                      Tables

                                      KEY FACTS

                                      • Terminology

                                        • Imaging

                                          • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                            • Pathology

                                              TERMINOLOGY

                                              • Synonyms

                                                • Ventral cord herniation

                                              • Definitions

                                                • Herniation of spinal cord through defect in dura of ventral canal

                                              IMAGING

                                              • General Features

                                                • MR Findings

                                                  • Nonvascular Interventions

                                                    • Other Modality Findings

                                                      • Imaging Recommendations

                                                        DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                          PATHOLOGY

                                                          • General Features

                                                            • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                              CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                              • Presentation

                                                                • Demographics

                                                                  • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                    • Treatment

                                                                      DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                      • Consider

                                                                        • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                          Selected References

                                                                          1. Neale N et al: Surgical management of idiopathic thoracic spinal cord herniation. World Neurosurg. 129:81-4, 2019
                                                                          2. Bartels RHMA et al: Pathogenesis of idiopathic ventral herniation of spinal cord: neuropathologic analysis. World Neurosurg. 114:30-3, 2018
                                                                          3. Ghali MGZ et al: Idiopathic thoracic spinal cord herniation. J Clin Neurosci. 51:1-5, 2018
                                                                          4. Haber MD et al: Differentiation of idiopathic spinal cord herniation from CSF-isointense intraspinal extramedullary lesions displacing the cord. Radiographics. 34(2):313-29, 2014
                                                                          5. Brus-Ramer M et al: Idiopathic thoracic spinal cord herniation: retrospective analysis supporting a mechanism of diskogenic dural injury and subsequent tamponade. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 33(1):52-6, 2012
                                                                          6. Ghostine S et al: Thoracic cord herniation through a dural defect: description of a case and review of the literature. Surg Neurol. 71(3):362-6, discussion 366-7, 2009
                                                                          7. Groen RJ et al: Operative treatment of anterior thoracic spinal cord herniation: three new cases and an individual patient data meta-analysis of 126 case reports. Neurosurgery. 64(3 Suppl):ons145-59; discussion ons159-60, 2009
                                                                          8. Hassler W et al: Spontaneous herniation of the spinal cord: operative technique and follow-up in 10 cases. J Neurosurg Spine. 9(5):438-43, 2008
                                                                          9. Sasaoka R et al: Idiopathic spinal cord herniation in the thoracic spine as a cause of intractable leg pain: case report and review of the literature. J Spinal Disord Tech. 16(3):288-94, 2003
                                                                          10. Barbagallo GM et al: Thoracic idiopathic spinal cord herniation at the vertebral body level: a subgroup with a poor prognosis? Case reports and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 97(3 Suppl):369-74, 2002
                                                                          11. Aizawa T et al: Idiopathic herniation of the thoracic spinal cord: report of three cases. Spine. 26(20):E488-91, 2001
                                                                          12. Eguchi T et al: Spontaneous thoracic spinal cord herniation--case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 41(10):508-12, 2001
                                                                          13. Miyaguchi M et al: Idiopathic spinal cord herniation associated with intervertebral disc extrusion: a case report and review of the literature. Spine. 26(9):1090-4, 2001
                                                                          14. Pereira P et al: Idiopathic spinal cord herniation: case report and literature review. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 143(4):401-6, 2001
                                                                          15. Watanabe M et al: Surgical management of idiopathic spinal cord herniation: a review of nine cases treated by the enlargement of the dural defect. J Neurosurg. 95(2 Suppl):169-72, 2001
                                                                          16. Ewald C et al: Progressive spontaneous herniation of the thoracic spinal cord: case report. Neurosurgery. 46(2):493-5; discussion 495-6, 2000
                                                                          17. Tekkok IH: Spontaneous spinal cord herniation: case report and review of the literature. Neurosurgery. 46(2):485-91; discussion 491-2, 2000
                                                                          18. Wada E et al: Idiopathic spinal cord herniation: report of three cases and review of the literature. Spine. 25(15):1984-8, 2000
                                                                          19. Marshman LA et al: Idiopathic spinal cord herniation: case report and review of the literature. Neurosurgery. 44(5):1129-33, 1999
                                                                          20. Vallée B et al: Ventral transdural herniation of the thoracic spinal cord: surgical treatment in four cases and review of literature. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 141(9):907-13, 1999
                                                                          21. Dix JE et al: Spontaneous thoracic spinal cord herniation through an anterior dural defect. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 19(7):1345-8, 1998
                                                                          22. Baur A et al: Imaging findings in patients with ventral dural defects and herniation of neural tissue. Eur Radiol. 7(8):1259-63, 1997
                                                                          23. Henry A et al: Tethered thoracic cord resulting from spinal cord herniation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 78(5):530-3, 1997
                                                                          24. Sioutos P et al: Spontaneous thoracic spinal cord herniation. A case report. Spine. 21(14):1710-3, 1996
                                                                          25. Kumar R et al: Herniation of the spinal cord. Case report. J Neurosurg. 82(1):131-6, 1995