Syndromic: Klippel-Trenaunay, Parkes-Weber, Sturge-Weber, congenital lipomatous overgrowth with vascular malformations, epidermal nevi & spinal/skeletal anomalies (CLOVES), etc.
Hemangioma: Benign vascular neoplasm with predictable life cycle
Infantile hemangioma (IH)
Most common soft tissue tumor of childhood
Usually absent at birth with rapid growth over 1st few weeks/months of life (proliferating phase) followed by spontaneous regression over subsequent months to years (involuting phase)
Congenital hemangioma (CH)
Fully developed at birth
No further cellular proliferation
Rapidly involuting (RICH) vs. noninvoluting (NICH) vs. partially involuting (PICH)
RICH is mostly involuted by 14 months
Hemangiomatosis: Multifocal cutaneous IH + at least 1 extracutaneous site (usually liver)
Abu Ata N et al: Neonatal vascular anomalies manifesting as soft-tissue masses. Pediatr Radiol. ePub, 2021
Abu Ata N et al: Imaging of vascular anomalies in the pediatric musculoskeletal system. Semin Roentgenol. 56(3):288-306, 2021
Gong X et al: Conventional ultrasonography and elastography for the diagnosis of congenital and infantile hemangiomas. J Dermatol. 47(5):527-33, 2020
Peterman CM et al: Clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with retroperitoneal infantile hemangiomas. Pediatr Dermatol. 36(6):823-9, 2019
Saito M et al: Usefulness of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging using apparent diffusion coefficient values for diagnosis of infantile hemangioma. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 43(4):563-7, 2019
Yu Z et al: Clinical and radiological outcomes of infantile hemangioma treated with oral propranolol: a long-term follow-up study. J Dermatol. 46(5):376-82, 2019
He L et al: Spectral Doppler ultrasound for predicting long-term response to topical timolol in children with infantile hemangioma. J Clin Ultrasound. 45(8):480-7, 2017
Johnson CM et al: Clinical and sonographic features of pediatric soft-tissue vascular anomalies part 1: classification, sonographic approach and vascular tumors. Pediatr Radiol. 47(9):1184-95, 2017
Merrow AC et al: 2014 Revised classification of vascular lesions from the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies: radiologic-pathologic update. Radiographics. 36(5):1494-516, 2016
Hoornweg MJ et al: Malignant differential diagnosis in children referred for infantile hemangioma. Ann Plast Surg. 74(1): 43-6, 2015
Wassef M et al: Vascular anomalies classification: recommendations from the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies. Pediatrics. 136(1):e203-14, 2015
Blei F et al: Current workup and therapy of infantile hemangiomas. Clin Dermatol. 32(4):459-70, 2014
Püttgen KB: Diagnosis and management of infantile hemangiomas. Pediatr Clin North Am. 61(2):383-402, 2014
Yilmaz S et al: Intramuscular capillary-type hemangioma: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Pediatr Radiol. 44(5):558-65, 2014
Greenberger S et al: Pathogenesis of infantile haemangioma. Br J Dermatol. 169(1):12-9, 2013
Bingham MM et al: Propranolol reduces infantile hemangioma volume and vessel density. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 147(2):338-44, 2012
Talaat AA et al: Propranolol treatment of infantile hemangioma: clinical and radiologic evaluations. J Pediatr Surg. 47(4):707-14, 2012
Restrepo R et al: Hemangiomas revisited: the useful, the unusual and the new. Part 1: overview and clinical and imaging characteristics. Pediatr Radiol. 41(7):895-904, 2011
Restrepo R et al: Hemangiomas revisited: the useful, the unusual and the new. Part 2: endangering hemangiomas and treatment. Pediatr Radiol. 41(7):905-15, 2011
Sidbury R: Update on vascular tumors of infancy. Curr Opin Pediatr. 22(4):432-7, 2010
Gorincour G et al: Imaging characteristics of two subtypes of congenital hemangiomas: rapidly involuting congenital hemangiomas and non-involuting congenital hemangiomas. Pediatr Radiol. 35(12):1178-85, 2005
Konez O et al: Angiographic features of rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma (RICH). Pediatr Radiol. 33(1):15-9, 2003
Dubois J et al: Vascular soft-tissue tumors in infancy: distinguishing features on Doppler sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(6):1541-5, 2002
Laor T et al: Congenital anomalies and vascular birthmarks of the lower extremities. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 6(3):497-519, 1998
Mulliken JB et al: Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics. Plast Reconstr Surg. 69(3):412-22, 1982
Syndromic: Klippel-Trenaunay, Parkes-Weber, Sturge-Weber, congenital lipomatous overgrowth with vascular malformations, epidermal nevi & spinal/skeletal anomalies (CLOVES), etc.
Hemangioma: Benign vascular neoplasm with predictable life cycle
Infantile hemangioma (IH)
Most common soft tissue tumor of childhood
Usually absent at birth with rapid growth over 1st few weeks/months of life (proliferating phase) followed by spontaneous regression over subsequent months to years (involuting phase)
Congenital hemangioma (CH)
Fully developed at birth
No further cellular proliferation
Rapidly involuting (RICH) vs. noninvoluting (NICH) vs. partially involuting (PICH)
RICH is mostly involuted by 14 months
Hemangiomatosis: Multifocal cutaneous IH + at least 1 extracutaneous site (usually liver)
Abu Ata N et al: Neonatal vascular anomalies manifesting as soft-tissue masses. Pediatr Radiol. ePub, 2021
Abu Ata N et al: Imaging of vascular anomalies in the pediatric musculoskeletal system. Semin Roentgenol. 56(3):288-306, 2021
Gong X et al: Conventional ultrasonography and elastography for the diagnosis of congenital and infantile hemangiomas. J Dermatol. 47(5):527-33, 2020
Peterman CM et al: Clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with retroperitoneal infantile hemangiomas. Pediatr Dermatol. 36(6):823-9, 2019
Saito M et al: Usefulness of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging using apparent diffusion coefficient values for diagnosis of infantile hemangioma. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 43(4):563-7, 2019
Yu Z et al: Clinical and radiological outcomes of infantile hemangioma treated with oral propranolol: a long-term follow-up study. J Dermatol. 46(5):376-82, 2019
He L et al: Spectral Doppler ultrasound for predicting long-term response to topical timolol in children with infantile hemangioma. J Clin Ultrasound. 45(8):480-7, 2017
Johnson CM et al: Clinical and sonographic features of pediatric soft-tissue vascular anomalies part 1: classification, sonographic approach and vascular tumors. Pediatr Radiol. 47(9):1184-95, 2017
Merrow AC et al: 2014 Revised classification of vascular lesions from the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies: radiologic-pathologic update. Radiographics. 36(5):1494-516, 2016
Hoornweg MJ et al: Malignant differential diagnosis in children referred for infantile hemangioma. Ann Plast Surg. 74(1): 43-6, 2015
Wassef M et al: Vascular anomalies classification: recommendations from the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies. Pediatrics. 136(1):e203-14, 2015
Blei F et al: Current workup and therapy of infantile hemangiomas. Clin Dermatol. 32(4):459-70, 2014
Püttgen KB: Diagnosis and management of infantile hemangiomas. Pediatr Clin North Am. 61(2):383-402, 2014
Yilmaz S et al: Intramuscular capillary-type hemangioma: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Pediatr Radiol. 44(5):558-65, 2014
Greenberger S et al: Pathogenesis of infantile haemangioma. Br J Dermatol. 169(1):12-9, 2013
Bingham MM et al: Propranolol reduces infantile hemangioma volume and vessel density. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 147(2):338-44, 2012
Talaat AA et al: Propranolol treatment of infantile hemangioma: clinical and radiologic evaluations. J Pediatr Surg. 47(4):707-14, 2012
Restrepo R et al: Hemangiomas revisited: the useful, the unusual and the new. Part 1: overview and clinical and imaging characteristics. Pediatr Radiol. 41(7):895-904, 2011
Restrepo R et al: Hemangiomas revisited: the useful, the unusual and the new. Part 2: endangering hemangiomas and treatment. Pediatr Radiol. 41(7):905-15, 2011
Sidbury R: Update on vascular tumors of infancy. Curr Opin Pediatr. 22(4):432-7, 2010
Gorincour G et al: Imaging characteristics of two subtypes of congenital hemangiomas: rapidly involuting congenital hemangiomas and non-involuting congenital hemangiomas. Pediatr Radiol. 35(12):1178-85, 2005
Konez O et al: Angiographic features of rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma (RICH). Pediatr Radiol. 33(1):15-9, 2003
Dubois J et al: Vascular soft-tissue tumors in infancy: distinguishing features on Doppler sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(6):1541-5, 2002
Laor T et al: Congenital anomalies and vascular birthmarks of the lower extremities. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 6(3):497-519, 1998
Mulliken JB et al: Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics. Plast Reconstr Surg. 69(3):412-22, 1982
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