Colonic inflammation due to bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections
Pseudomembranous colitis: Descriptive term usually applied to Clostridium difficile colitis
IMAGING
General Features
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
Ultrasonographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Antonelli M et al: Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) infection in the critically ill: an expert statement. Intensive Care Med. 46(2):215-24, 2020
Azer SA et al: Infectious colitis. StatPearls, 2020
Bouza E et al: Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection: an official clinical practice guideline of the Spanish Society of Chemotherapy (SEQ), Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI) and the working group of Postoperative Infection of the Spanish Society of Anesthesia and Reanimation (SEDAR). Rev Esp Quimioter. 33(2):151-75, 2020
Oksi J et al: Treatment of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection. Ann Med. 52(1-2):12-20, 2020
Deepak P et al: The role of the radiologist in determining disease severity in inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 29(3):447-70, 2019
Frickenstein AN et al: Imaging inflammation and infection in the gastrointestinal tract. Int J Mol Sci. 21(1):243, 2019
Guerri S et al: Clostridium difficile colitis: CT findings and differential diagnosis. Radiol Med. 124(12):1185-98, 2019
Kedia S et al: Differentiating Crohn's disease from intestinal tuberculosis. World J Gastroenterol. 25(4):418-32, 2019
Khalili H et al: Case 19-2019: a 38-year-old woman with abdominal pain and fever. N Engl J Med. 380(25):2461-70, 2019
de Leijer JH et al: Unexpected amebic colitis presenting with rectal bleeding and perforation after biopsy. Gastrointest Endosc. 88(3):565-6, 2018
Gecse KB et al: Differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease: imitations and complications. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 3(9):644-53, 2018
Trad D et al: Acute severe colitis revealing tuberculosis. Gastrointest Endosc. 88(4):777-8, 2018
Lin WC et al: Challenges in the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis with concomitant bacterial infections and chronic infectious colitis. PLoS One. 12(12):e0189377, 2017
Sharma V et al: Tubercular colitis masquerading as ischemic colitis: an unusual presentation. Int J Mycobacteriol. 6(4):404-6, 2017
Yu YR et al: Clinical presentation of Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, and indeterminate colitis: symptoms, extraintestinal manifestations, and disease phenotypes. Semin Pediatr Surg. 26(6):349-55, 2017
Barina AR et al: Isolated recto-sigmoid colitis: a new imaging pattern of ipilimumab-associated colitis. Abdom Radiol (NY). 41(2):207-14, 2016
Dekker JP et al: Salmonella, Shigella, and yersinia. Clin Lab Med. 35(2):225-46, 2015
Aboutaleb N et al: Emerging infectious colitis. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 30(1):106-15, 2014
Burke KE et al: Clostridium difficile infection: a worldwide disease. Gut Liver. 8(1):1-6, 2014
Raman SP et al: MDCT and CT angiography evaluation of rectal bleeding: the role of volume visualization. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 201(3):589-97, 2013
Ninan S et al: The young patient with acute bloody diarrhoea. Acute Med. 13(2):90-6, 2014
Antonopoulos P et al: An emergency diagnostic dilemma: a case of Yersinia enterocolitica colitis mimicking acute appendicitis in a beta-thalassemia major patient: the role of CT and literature review. Emerg Radiol. 15(2):123-6, 2008
Thoeni RF et al: CT imaging of colitis. Radiology. 240(3):623-38, 2006
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Colonic inflammation due to bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections
Pseudomembranous colitis: Descriptive term usually applied to Clostridium difficile colitis
IMAGING
General Features
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
Ultrasonographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Antonelli M et al: Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) infection in the critically ill: an expert statement. Intensive Care Med. 46(2):215-24, 2020
Azer SA et al: Infectious colitis. StatPearls, 2020
Bouza E et al: Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection: an official clinical practice guideline of the Spanish Society of Chemotherapy (SEQ), Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI) and the working group of Postoperative Infection of the Spanish Society of Anesthesia and Reanimation (SEDAR). Rev Esp Quimioter. 33(2):151-75, 2020
Oksi J et al: Treatment of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection. Ann Med. 52(1-2):12-20, 2020
Deepak P et al: The role of the radiologist in determining disease severity in inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 29(3):447-70, 2019
Frickenstein AN et al: Imaging inflammation and infection in the gastrointestinal tract. Int J Mol Sci. 21(1):243, 2019
Guerri S et al: Clostridium difficile colitis: CT findings and differential diagnosis. Radiol Med. 124(12):1185-98, 2019
Kedia S et al: Differentiating Crohn's disease from intestinal tuberculosis. World J Gastroenterol. 25(4):418-32, 2019
Khalili H et al: Case 19-2019: a 38-year-old woman with abdominal pain and fever. N Engl J Med. 380(25):2461-70, 2019
de Leijer JH et al: Unexpected amebic colitis presenting with rectal bleeding and perforation after biopsy. Gastrointest Endosc. 88(3):565-6, 2018
Gecse KB et al: Differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease: imitations and complications. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 3(9):644-53, 2018
Trad D et al: Acute severe colitis revealing tuberculosis. Gastrointest Endosc. 88(4):777-8, 2018
Lin WC et al: Challenges in the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis with concomitant bacterial infections and chronic infectious colitis. PLoS One. 12(12):e0189377, 2017
Sharma V et al: Tubercular colitis masquerading as ischemic colitis: an unusual presentation. Int J Mycobacteriol. 6(4):404-6, 2017
Yu YR et al: Clinical presentation of Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, and indeterminate colitis: symptoms, extraintestinal manifestations, and disease phenotypes. Semin Pediatr Surg. 26(6):349-55, 2017
Barina AR et al: Isolated recto-sigmoid colitis: a new imaging pattern of ipilimumab-associated colitis. Abdom Radiol (NY). 41(2):207-14, 2016
Dekker JP et al: Salmonella, Shigella, and yersinia. Clin Lab Med. 35(2):225-46, 2015
Aboutaleb N et al: Emerging infectious colitis. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 30(1):106-15, 2014
Burke KE et al: Clostridium difficile infection: a worldwide disease. Gut Liver. 8(1):1-6, 2014
Raman SP et al: MDCT and CT angiography evaluation of rectal bleeding: the role of volume visualization. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 201(3):589-97, 2013
Ninan S et al: The young patient with acute bloody diarrhoea. Acute Med. 13(2):90-6, 2014
Antonopoulos P et al: An emergency diagnostic dilemma: a case of Yersinia enterocolitica colitis mimicking acute appendicitis in a beta-thalassemia major patient: the role of CT and literature review. Emerg Radiol. 15(2):123-6, 2008
Thoeni RF et al: CT imaging of colitis. Radiology. 240(3):623-38, 2006
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