Posterior humerus avulsion of glenohumeral ligament (PHAGL)
Humeral avulsion of glenohumeral ligament (HAGL)
IGHL tear at humerus insertion
More common than midsubstance IGHL tears
Definitions
Tear of IGHL, usually after glenohumeral instability
Variant: anterior band of IGHL (ABIGL) intact but attached to periosteal sleeve, which is torn or peeled off intact labrum
IMAGING
General Features
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Arner JW et al: Anterior shoulder instability management: indications, techniques, and outcomes. Arthroscopy. 36(11):2791-3, 2020
Hassanzadeh E et al: CT and MRI manifestations of luxatio erecta humeri and a review of the literature. Clin Imaging. 39(5):876-9, 2015
Pouliart N et al: Advanced imaging of the glenohumeral ligaments. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 18(4):374-97, 2014
Krug DK et al: MRI findings associated with luxatio erecta humeri. Skeletal Radiol. 39(1):27-33, 2010
Ng AW et al: Assessment of capsular laxity in patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation using MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(6):1690-5, 2009
Bencardino JT et al: MR imaging of the glenohumeral ligaments. Radiol Clin North Am. 44(4):489-502, vii, 2006
Mizuno N et al: Recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation caused by a midsubstance complete capsular tear. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 87(12):2717-23, 2005
Takubo Y et al: Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of the inferior glenohumeral ligament: non-arthrographic imaging in abduction and external rotation. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 14(5):511-5, 2005
Sasaki T et al: Labral-ligamentous complex of the shoulder. Evaluation with double oblique axial MR arthrography. Acta Radiol. 44(4):435-9, 2003
Park YH et al: MR arthrography of the labral capsular ligamentous complex in the shoulder: imaging variations and pitfalls. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 175(3):667-72, 2000
Connell DA et al: Magnetic resonance evaluation of the labral capsular ligamentous complex: a pictorial review. Australas Radiol. 43(4):419-26, 1999
Horii M et al: MRI evaluation of the inferior glenohumeral ligament. Comparison with arthroscopic findings in 81 shoulders. Acta Orthop Scand. 69(2):163-6, 1998
Yeh L et al: Anterior labroligamentous structures of the glenohumeral joint: correlation of MR arthrography and anatomic dissection in cadavers. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 171(5):1229-36, 1998
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL)
Synonyms
Glenoid avulsion of glenohumeral ligament
IGHL tear near glenoid rim/labrum
Posterior humerus avulsion of glenohumeral ligament (PHAGL)
Humeral avulsion of glenohumeral ligament (HAGL)
IGHL tear at humerus insertion
More common than midsubstance IGHL tears
Definitions
Tear of IGHL, usually after glenohumeral instability
Variant: anterior band of IGHL (ABIGL) intact but attached to periosteal sleeve, which is torn or peeled off intact labrum
IMAGING
General Features
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Arner JW et al: Anterior shoulder instability management: indications, techniques, and outcomes. Arthroscopy. 36(11):2791-3, 2020
Hassanzadeh E et al: CT and MRI manifestations of luxatio erecta humeri and a review of the literature. Clin Imaging. 39(5):876-9, 2015
Pouliart N et al: Advanced imaging of the glenohumeral ligaments. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 18(4):374-97, 2014
Krug DK et al: MRI findings associated with luxatio erecta humeri. Skeletal Radiol. 39(1):27-33, 2010
Ng AW et al: Assessment of capsular laxity in patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation using MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(6):1690-5, 2009
Bencardino JT et al: MR imaging of the glenohumeral ligaments. Radiol Clin North Am. 44(4):489-502, vii, 2006
Mizuno N et al: Recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation caused by a midsubstance complete capsular tear. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 87(12):2717-23, 2005
Takubo Y et al: Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of the inferior glenohumeral ligament: non-arthrographic imaging in abduction and external rotation. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 14(5):511-5, 2005
Sasaki T et al: Labral-ligamentous complex of the shoulder. Evaluation with double oblique axial MR arthrography. Acta Radiol. 44(4):435-9, 2003
Park YH et al: MR arthrography of the labral capsular ligamentous complex in the shoulder: imaging variations and pitfalls. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 175(3):667-72, 2000
Connell DA et al: Magnetic resonance evaluation of the labral capsular ligamentous complex: a pictorial review. Australas Radiol. 43(4):419-26, 1999
Horii M et al: MRI evaluation of the inferior glenohumeral ligament. Comparison with arthroscopic findings in 81 shoulders. Acta Orthop Scand. 69(2):163-6, 1998
Yeh L et al: Anterior labroligamentous structures of the glenohumeral joint: correlation of MR arthrography and anatomic dissection in cadavers. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 171(5):1229-36, 1998
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